include/mbedtls/asn1.h

/**
 * \file asn1.h
 *
 * \brief Generic ASN.1 parsing
 */
/*
 *  Copyright (C) 2006-2015, ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved
 *  SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 *  not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 *  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *  This file is part of mbed TLS (https://tls.mbed.org)
 */
#ifndef MBEDTLS_ASN1_H
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_H

#if !defined(MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE)
#include "mbedtls/config.h"
#else
#include MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE
#endif

#include <stddef.h>

#if defined(MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C)
#include "mbedtls/bignum.h"
#endif

/**
 * \addtogroup asn1_module
 * \{
 */

/**
 * \name ASN1 Error codes
 * These error codes are OR'ed to X509 error codes for
 * higher error granularity.
 * ASN1 is a standard to specify data structures.
 * \{
 */
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_OUT_OF_DATA                      -0x0060  /**< Out of data when parsing an ASN1 data structure. */
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_UNEXPECTED_TAG                   -0x0062  /**< ASN1 tag was of an unexpected value. */
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_LENGTH                   -0x0064  /**< Error when trying to determine the length or invalid length. */
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_LENGTH_MISMATCH                  -0x0066  /**< Actual length differs from expected length. */
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_DATA                     -0x0068  /**< Data is invalid. */
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_ALLOC_FAILED                     -0x006A  /**< Memory allocation failed */
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_BUF_TOO_SMALL                    -0x006C  /**< Buffer too small when writing ASN.1 data structure. */

/* \} name */

/**
 * \name DER constants
 * These constants comply with the DER encoded ASN.1 type tags.
 * DER encoding uses hexadecimal representation.
 * An example DER sequence is:\n
 * - 0x02 -- tag indicating INTEGER
 * - 0x01 -- length in octets
 * - 0x05 -- value
 * Such sequences are typically read into Mbed TLS's \c mbedtls_x509_buf.
 * \{
 */
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_BOOLEAN                 0x01
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_INTEGER                 0x02
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_BIT_STRING              0x03
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_OCTET_STRING            0x04
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_NULL                    0x05
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_OID                     0x06
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_ENUMERATED              0x0A
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_UTF8_STRING             0x0C
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE                0x10
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_SET                     0x11
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING        0x13
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_T61_STRING              0x14
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_IA5_STRING              0x16
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_UTC_TIME                0x17
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_GENERALIZED_TIME        0x18
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_UNIVERSAL_STRING        0x1C
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_BMP_STRING              0x1E
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_PRIMITIVE               0x00
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED             0x20
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC        0x80

/* Slightly smaller way to check if tag is a string tag
 * compared to canonical implementation. */
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_IS_STRING_TAG( tag )                                     \
    ( ( tag ) < 32u && (                                                      \
        ( ( 1u << ( tag ) ) & ( ( 1u << MBEDTLS_ASN1_BMP_STRING )       |     \
                                ( 1u << MBEDTLS_ASN1_UTF8_STRING )      |     \
                                ( 1u << MBEDTLS_ASN1_T61_STRING )       |     \
                                ( 1u << MBEDTLS_ASN1_IA5_STRING )       |     \
                                ( 1u << MBEDTLS_ASN1_UNIVERSAL_STRING ) |     \
                                ( 1u << MBEDTLS_ASN1_PRINTABLE_STRING ) |     \
                                ( 1u << MBEDTLS_ASN1_BIT_STRING ) ) ) != 0 ) )

/*
 * Bit masks for each of the components of an ASN.1 tag as specified in
 * ITU X.690 (08/2015), section 8.1 "General rules for encoding",
 * paragraph 8.1.2.2:
 *
 * Bit  8     7   6   5          1
 *     +-------+-----+------------+
 *     | Class | P/C | Tag number |
 *     +-------+-----+------------+
 */
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_CLASS_MASK          0xC0
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_PC_MASK             0x20
#define MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_VALUE_MASK          0x1F

/* \} name */
/* \} addtogroup asn1_module */

/** Returns the size of the binary string, without the trailing \\0 */
#define MBEDTLS_OID_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) - 1)

/**
 * Compares an mbedtls_asn1_buf structure to a reference OID.
 *
 * Only works for 'defined' oid_str values (MBEDTLS_OID_HMAC_SHA1), you cannot use a
 * 'unsigned char *oid' here!
 */
#define MBEDTLS_OID_CMP(oid_str, oid_buf)                                   \
        ( ( MBEDTLS_OID_SIZE(oid_str) != (oid_buf)->len ) ||                \
          memcmp( (oid_str), (oid_buf)->p, (oid_buf)->len) != 0 )

#define MBEDTLS_OID_CMP_RAW(oid_str, oid_buf, oid_buf_len)              \
        ( ( MBEDTLS_OID_SIZE(oid_str) != (oid_buf_len) ) ||             \
          memcmp( (oid_str), (oid_buf), (oid_buf_len) ) != 0 )

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/**
 * \name Functions to parse ASN.1 data structures
 * \{
 */

/**
 * Type-length-value structure that allows for ASN1 using DER.
 */
typedef struct mbedtls_asn1_buf
{
    int tag;                /**< ASN1 type, e.g. MBEDTLS_ASN1_UTF8_STRING. */
    size_t len;             /**< ASN1 length, in octets. */
    unsigned char *p;       /**< ASN1 data, e.g. in ASCII. */
}
mbedtls_asn1_buf;

/**
 * Container for ASN1 bit strings.
 */
typedef struct mbedtls_asn1_bitstring
{
    size_t len;                 /**< ASN1 length, in octets. */
    unsigned char unused_bits;  /**< Number of unused bits at the end of the string */
    unsigned char *p;           /**< Raw ASN1 data for the bit string */
}
mbedtls_asn1_bitstring;

/**
 * Container for a sequence of ASN.1 items
 */
typedef struct mbedtls_asn1_sequence
{
    mbedtls_asn1_buf buf;                   /**< Buffer containing the given ASN.1 item. */
    struct mbedtls_asn1_sequence *next;    /**< The next entry in the sequence. */
}
mbedtls_asn1_sequence;

/**
 * Container for a sequence or list of 'named' ASN.1 data items
 */
typedef struct mbedtls_asn1_named_data
{
    mbedtls_asn1_buf oid;                   /**< The object identifier. */
    mbedtls_asn1_buf val;                   /**< The named value. */
    struct mbedtls_asn1_named_data *next;  /**< The next entry in the sequence. */
    unsigned char next_merged;      /**< Merge next item into the current one? */
}
mbedtls_asn1_named_data;

/**
 * \brief       Get the length of an ASN.1 element.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the length.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the first byte of the length,
 *              i.e. immediately after the tag.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              after the length, i.e. the first byte of the content.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param len   On successful completion, \c *len contains the length
 *              read from the ASN.1 input.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_OUT_OF_DATA if the ASN.1 element
 *              would end beyond \p end.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_LENGTH if the length is unparseable.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_len( unsigned char **p,
                          const unsigned char *end,
                          size_t *len );

/**
 * \brief       Get the tag and length of the element.
 *              Check for the requested tag.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the tag and length.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              after the length, i.e. the first byte of the content.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param len   On successful completion, \c *len contains the length
 *              read from the ASN.1 input.
 * \param tag   The expected tag.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_UNEXPECTED_TAG if the data does not start
 *              with the requested tag.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_OUT_OF_DATA if the ASN.1 element
 *              would end beyond \p end.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_LENGTH if the length is unparseable.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_tag( unsigned char **p,
                          const unsigned char *end,
                          size_t *len, int tag );

/**
 * \brief       Retrieve a boolean ASN.1 tag and its value.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full tag.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              beyond the ASN.1 element.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param val   On success, the parsed value (\c 0 or \c 1).
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      An ASN.1 error code if the input does not start with
 *              a valid ASN.1 BOOLEAN.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_bool( unsigned char **p,
                           const unsigned char *end,
                           int *val );

/**
 * \brief       Retrieve an integer ASN.1 tag and its value.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full tag.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              beyond the ASN.1 element.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param val   On success, the parsed value.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      An ASN.1 error code if the input does not start with
 *              a valid ASN.1 INTEGER.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_LENGTH if the parsed value does
 *              not fit in an \c int.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_int( unsigned char **p,
                          const unsigned char *end,
                          int *val );

/**
 * \brief       Retrieve an enumerated ASN.1 tag and its value.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full tag.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              beyond the ASN.1 element.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param val   On success, the parsed value.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      An ASN.1 error code if the input does not start with
 *              a valid ASN.1 ENUMERATED.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_LENGTH if the parsed value does
 *              not fit in an \c int.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_enum( unsigned char **p,
                           const unsigned char *end,
                           int *val );

/**
 * \brief       Retrieve a bitstring ASN.1 tag and its value.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full tag.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p is equal to \p end.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param bs    On success, ::mbedtls_asn1_bitstring information about
 *              the parsed value.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_LENGTH_MISMATCH if the input contains
 *              extra data after a valid BIT STRING.
 * \return      An ASN.1 error code if the input does not start with
 *              a valid ASN.1 BIT STRING.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_bitstring( unsigned char **p, const unsigned char *end,
                                mbedtls_asn1_bitstring *bs );

/**
 * \brief       Retrieve a bitstring ASN.1 tag without unused bits and its
 *              value.
 *              Updates the pointer to the beginning of the bit/octet string.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              of the content of the BIT STRING.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param len   On success, \c *len is the length of the content in bytes.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_DATA if the input starts with
 *              a valid BIT STRING with a nonzero number of unused bits.
 * \return      An ASN.1 error code if the input does not start with
 *              a valid ASN.1 BIT STRING.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_bitstring_null( unsigned char **p,
                                     const unsigned char *end,
                                     size_t *len );

/**
 * \brief       Parses and splits an ASN.1 "SEQUENCE OF <tag>".
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full sequence tag.
 *
 * This function allocates memory for the sequence elements. You can free
 * the allocated memory with mbedtls_asn1_sequence_free().
 *
 * \note        On error, this function may return a partial list in \p cur.
 *              You must set `cur->next = NULL` before calling this function!
 *              Otherwise it is impossible to distinguish a previously non-null
 *              pointer from a pointer to an object allocated by this function.
 *
 * \note        If the sequence is empty, this function does not modify
 *              \c *cur. If the sequence is valid and non-empty, this
 *              function sets `cur->buf.tag` to \p tag. This allows
 *              callers to distinguish between an empty sequence and
 *              a one-element sequence.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p is equal to \p end.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param cur   A ::mbedtls_asn1_sequence which this function fills.
 *              When this function returns, \c *cur is the head of a linked
 *              list. Each node in this list is allocated with
 *              mbedtls_calloc() apart from \p cur itself, and should
 *              therefore be freed with mbedtls_free().
 *              The list describes the content of the sequence.
 *              The head of the list (i.e. \c *cur itself) describes the
 *              first element, `*cur->next` describes the second element, etc.
 *              For each element, `buf.tag == tag`, `buf.len` is the length
 *              of the content of the content of the element, and `buf.p`
 *              points to the first byte of the content (i.e. immediately
 *              past the length of the element).
 *              Note that list elements may be allocated even on error.
 * \param tag   Each element of the sequence must have this tag.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_LENGTH_MISMATCH if the input contains
 *              extra data after a valid SEQUENCE OF \p tag.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_UNEXPECTED_TAG if the input starts with
 *              an ASN.1 SEQUENCE in which an element has a tag that
 *              is different from \p tag.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_ALLOC_FAILED if a memory allocation failed.
 * \return      An ASN.1 error code if the input does not start with
 *              a valid ASN.1 SEQUENCE.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_sequence_of( unsigned char **p,
                                  const unsigned char *end,
                                  mbedtls_asn1_sequence *cur,
                                  int tag );
/**
 * \brief          Free a heap-allocated linked list presentation of
 *                 an ASN.1 sequence, including the first element.
 *
 * There are two common ways to manage the memory used for the representation
 * of a parsed ASN.1 sequence:
 * - Allocate a head node `mbedtls_asn1_sequence *head` with mbedtls_calloc().
 *   Pass this node as the `cur` argument to mbedtls_asn1_get_sequence_of().
 *   When you have finished processing the sequence,
 *   call mbedtls_asn1_sequence_free() on `head`.
 * - Allocate a head node `mbedtls_asn1_sequence *head` in any manner,
 *   for example on the stack. Make sure that `head->next == NULL`.
 *   Pass `head` as the `cur` argument to mbedtls_asn1_get_sequence_of().
 *   When you have finished processing the sequence,
 *   call mbedtls_asn1_sequence_free() on `head->cur`,
 *   then free `head` itself in the appropriate manner.
 *
 * \param seq      The address of the first sequence component. This may
 *                 be \c NULL, in which case this functions returns
 *                 immediately.
 */
void mbedtls_asn1_sequence_free( mbedtls_asn1_sequence *seq );

#if defined(MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C)
/**
 * \brief       Retrieve an integer ASN.1 tag and its value.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full tag.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              beyond the ASN.1 element.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param X     On success, the parsed value.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful.
 * \return      An ASN.1 error code if the input does not start with
 *              a valid ASN.1 INTEGER.
 * \return      #MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_INVALID_LENGTH if the parsed value does
 *              not fit in an \c int.
 * \return      An MPI error code if the parsed value is too large.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_mpi( unsigned char **p,
                          const unsigned char *end,
                          mbedtls_mpi *X );
#endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C */

/**
 * \brief       Retrieve an AlgorithmIdentifier ASN.1 sequence.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full
 *              AlgorithmIdentifier.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              beyond the AlgorithmIdentifier element.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param alg   The buffer to receive the OID.
 * \param params The buffer to receive the parameters.
 *              This is zeroized if there are no parameters.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful or a specific ASN.1 or MPI error code.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_alg( unsigned char **p,
                  const unsigned char *end,
                  mbedtls_asn1_buf *alg, mbedtls_asn1_buf *params );

/**
 * \brief       Retrieve an AlgorithmIdentifier ASN.1 sequence with NULL or no
 *              params.
 *              Updates the pointer to immediately behind the full
 *              AlgorithmIdentifier.
 *
 * \param p     On entry, \c *p points to the start of the ASN.1 element.
 *              On successful completion, \c *p points to the first byte
 *              beyond the AlgorithmIdentifier element.
 *              On error, the value of \c *p is undefined.
 * \param end   End of data.
 * \param alg   The buffer to receive the OID.
 *
 * \return      0 if successful or a specific ASN.1 or MPI error code.
 */
int mbedtls_asn1_get_alg_null( unsigned char **p,
                       const unsigned char *end,
                       mbedtls_asn1_buf *alg );

/**
 * \brief       Find a specific named_data entry in a sequence or list based on
 *              the OID.
 *
 * \param list  The list to seek through
 * \param oid   The OID to look for
 * \param len   Size of the OID
 *
 * \return      NULL if not found, or a pointer to the existing entry.
 */
mbedtls_asn1_named_data *mbedtls_asn1_find_named_data( mbedtls_asn1_named_data *list,
                                       const char *oid, size_t len );

/**
 * \brief       Free a mbedtls_asn1_named_data entry
 *
 * \param entry The named data entry to free.
 *              This function calls mbedtls_free() on
 *              `entry->oid.p` and `entry->val.p`.
 */
void mbedtls_asn1_free_named_data( mbedtls_asn1_named_data *entry );

/**
 * \brief       Free all entries in a mbedtls_asn1_named_data list.
 *
 * \param head  Pointer to the head of the list of named data entries to free.
 *              This function calls mbedtls_asn1_free_named_data() and
 *              mbedtls_free() on each list element and
 *              sets \c *head to \c NULL.
 */
void mbedtls_asn1_free_named_data_list( mbedtls_asn1_named_data **head );

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* asn1.h */