Introduce MD handle type

As has been previously done for ciphersuites, this commit introduces
a zero-cost abstraction layer around the type

  mbedtls_md_info const *

whose valid values represent implementations of message digest algorithms.

Access to a particular digest implementation can be requested by name or
digest ID through the API mbedtls_md_info_from_xxx(), which either returns
a valid implementation or NULL, representing failure.

This commit replaces such uses of `mbedtls_md_info const *` by an abstract
type `mbedtls_md_handle_t` whose valid values represent digest implementations,
and which has a designated invalid value MBEDTLS_MD_INVALID_HANDLE.

The purpose of this abstraction layer is to pave the way for builds which
support precisely one digest algorithm. In this case, mbedtls_md_handle_t
can be implemented as a two-valued type, with one value representing the
invalid handle, and the unique valid value representing the unique enabled
digest.
diff --git a/library/x509_crt.c b/library/x509_crt.c
index 0089ef2..2960638 100644
--- a/library/x509_crt.c
+++ b/library/x509_crt.c
@@ -2088,7 +2088,7 @@
 static int x509_crt_get_sig_info( mbedtls_x509_crt_frame const *frame,
                                   mbedtls_x509_crt_sig_info *info )
 {
-    const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info;
+    mbedtls_md_handle_t md_info;
 
     md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_type( frame->sig_md );
     if( mbedtls_md( md_info, frame->tbs.p, frame->tbs.len,
@@ -2705,7 +2705,7 @@
     int ret;
     int flags = 0;
     unsigned char hash[MBEDTLS_MD_MAX_SIZE];
-    const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info;
+    mbedtls_md_handle_t md_info;
     mbedtls_x509_buf_raw ca_subject;
     mbedtls_pk_context *pk;
     int can_sign;