Fix corner case uses of memory_buffer_alloc.c

The corner cases fixed include:
    * Allocating a buffer of size 0. With this change, the allocator now
      returns a NULL pointer in this case. Note that changes in pem.c and
      x509_crl.c were required to fix tests that did not work under this
      assumption.
    * Initialising the allocator with less memory than required for headers.
    * Fix header chain checks for uninitialised allocator.
diff --git a/library/pem.c b/library/pem.c
index 87401ba..d726bd6 100644
--- a/library/pem.c
+++ b/library/pem.c
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
                       unsigned char *buf, size_t buf_len, size_t *olen )
 {
     int ret;
-    unsigned char *encode_buf, *c, *p = buf;
+    unsigned char *encode_buf = NULL, *c, *p = buf;
     size_t len = 0, use_len, add_len = 0;
 
     mbedtls_base64_encode( NULL, 0, &use_len, der_data, der_len );
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
         return( MBEDTLS_ERR_BASE64_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL );
     }
 
-    if( ( encode_buf = mbedtls_calloc( 1, use_len ) ) == NULL )
+    if( use_len != 0 && ( encode_buf = mbedtls_calloc( 1, use_len ) ) == NULL )
         return( MBEDTLS_ERR_PEM_ALLOC_FAILED );
 
     if( ( ret = mbedtls_base64_encode( encode_buf, use_len, &use_len, der_data,