Revert "Remove programs that depend on TLS or X.509"

This reverts commit 0688e4f2668dab8ad95b734c23b35977134a6d21.

Run scripts/generate_visualc_files.pl to account for the added programs.
diff --git a/programs/x509/cert_write.c b/programs/x509/cert_write.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd39108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/programs/x509/cert_write.c
@@ -0,0 +1,825 @@
+/*
+ *  Certificate generation and signing
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2006-2015, ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved
+ *  SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+ *  not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ *  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ *  This file is part of mbed TLS (https://tls.mbed.org)
+ */
+
+#if !defined(MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE)
+#include "mbedtls/config.h"
+#else
+#include MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_C)
+#include "mbedtls/platform.h"
+#else
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#define mbedtls_printf          printf
+#define mbedtls_exit            exit
+#define MBEDTLS_EXIT_SUCCESS    EXIT_SUCCESS
+#define MBEDTLS_EXIT_FAILURE    EXIT_FAILURE
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_C */
+
+#if !defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_WRITE_C) || \
+    !defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_FS_IO) || \
+    !defined(MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C) || \
+    !defined(MBEDTLS_ERROR_C) || !defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C) || \
+    !defined(MBEDTLS_PEM_WRITE_C)
+int main( void )
+{
+    mbedtls_printf( "MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_WRITE_C and/or MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C and/or "
+            "MBEDTLS_FS_IO and/or MBEDTLS_SHA256_C and/or "
+            "MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C and/or MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C and/or "
+            "MBEDTLS_ERROR_C not defined.\n");
+    return( 0 );
+}
+#else
+
+#include "mbedtls/x509_crt.h"
+#include "mbedtls/x509_csr.h"
+#include "mbedtls/entropy.h"
+#include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
+#include "mbedtls/md.h"
+#include "mbedtls/error.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C)
+#define USAGE_CSR                                                           \
+    "    request_file=%%s         default: (empty)\n"                           \
+    "                            If request_file is specified, subject_key,\n"  \
+    "                            subject_pwd and subject_name are ignored!\n"
+#else
+#define USAGE_CSR ""
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C */
+
+#define DFL_ISSUER_CRT          ""
+#define DFL_REQUEST_FILE        ""
+#define DFL_SUBJECT_KEY         "subject.key"
+#define DFL_ISSUER_KEY          "ca.key"
+#define DFL_SUBJECT_PWD         ""
+#define DFL_ISSUER_PWD          ""
+#define DFL_OUTPUT_FILENAME     "cert.crt"
+#define DFL_SUBJECT_NAME        "CN=Cert,O=mbed TLS,C=UK"
+#define DFL_ISSUER_NAME         "CN=CA,O=mbed TLS,C=UK"
+#define DFL_NOT_BEFORE          "20010101000000"
+#define DFL_NOT_AFTER           "20301231235959"
+#define DFL_SERIAL              "1"
+#define DFL_SELFSIGN            0
+#define DFL_IS_CA               0
+#define DFL_MAX_PATHLEN         -1
+#define DFL_KEY_USAGE           0
+#define DFL_NS_CERT_TYPE        0
+#define DFL_VERSION             3
+#define DFL_AUTH_IDENT          1
+#define DFL_SUBJ_IDENT          1
+#define DFL_CONSTRAINTS         1
+#define DFL_DIGEST              MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256
+
+#define USAGE \
+    "\n usage: cert_write param=<>...\n"                \
+    "\n acceptable parameters:\n"                       \
+    USAGE_CSR                                           \
+    "    subject_key=%%s          default: subject.key\n"   \
+    "    subject_pwd=%%s          default: (empty)\n"       \
+    "    subject_name=%%s         default: CN=Cert,O=mbed TLS,C=UK\n"   \
+    "\n"                                                \
+    "    issuer_crt=%%s           default: (empty)\n"       \
+    "                            If issuer_crt is specified, issuer_name is\n"  \
+    "                            ignored!\n"                \
+    "    issuer_name=%%s          default: CN=CA,O=mbed TLS,C=UK\n"     \
+    "\n"                                                \
+    "    selfsign=%%d             default: 0 (false)\n"     \
+    "                            If selfsign is enabled, issuer_name and\n" \
+    "                            issuer_key are required (issuer_crt and\n" \
+    "                            subject_* are ignored\n"   \
+    "    issuer_key=%%s           default: ca.key\n"        \
+    "    issuer_pwd=%%s           default: (empty)\n"       \
+    "    output_file=%%s          default: cert.crt\n"      \
+    "    serial=%%s               default: 1\n"             \
+    "    not_before=%%s           default: 20010101000000\n"\
+    "    not_after=%%s            default: 20301231235959\n"\
+    "    is_ca=%%d                default: 0 (disabled)\n"  \
+    "    max_pathlen=%%d          default: -1 (none)\n"     \
+    "    md=%%s                   default: SHA256\n"        \
+    "                            Supported values:\n"       \
+    "                            MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA512\n"\
+    "    version=%%d              default: 3\n"            \
+    "                            Possible values: 1, 2, 3\n"\
+    "    subject_identifier=%%s   default: 1\n"             \
+    "                            Possible values: 0, 1\n"   \
+    "                            (Considered for v3 only)\n"\
+    "    authority_identifier=%%s default: 1\n"             \
+    "                            Possible values: 0, 1\n"   \
+    "                            (Considered for v3 only)\n"\
+    "    basic_constraints=%%d    default: 1\n"             \
+    "                            Possible values: 0, 1\n"   \
+    "                            (Considered for v3 only)\n"\
+    "    key_usage=%%s            default: (empty)\n"       \
+    "                            Comma-separated-list of values:\n"     \
+    "                            digital_signature\n"     \
+    "                            non_repudiation\n"       \
+    "                            key_encipherment\n"      \
+    "                            data_encipherment\n"     \
+    "                            key_agreement\n"         \
+    "                            key_cert_sign\n"  \
+    "                            crl_sign\n"              \
+    "                            (Considered for v3 only)\n"\
+    "    ns_cert_type=%%s         default: (empty)\n"       \
+    "                            Comma-separated-list of values:\n"     \
+    "                            ssl_client\n"            \
+    "                            ssl_server\n"            \
+    "                            email\n"                 \
+    "                            object_signing\n"        \
+    "                            ssl_ca\n"                \
+    "                            email_ca\n"              \
+    "                            object_signing_ca\n"     \
+    "\n"
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_CHECK_PARAMS)
+#define mbedtls_exit            exit
+void mbedtls_param_failed( const char *failure_condition,
+                           const char *file,
+                           int line )
+{
+    mbedtls_printf( "%s:%i: Input param failed - %s\n",
+                    file, line, failure_condition );
+    mbedtls_exit( MBEDTLS_EXIT_FAILURE );
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * global options
+ */
+struct options
+{
+    const char *issuer_crt;     /* filename of the issuer certificate   */
+    const char *request_file;   /* filename of the certificate request  */
+    const char *subject_key;    /* filename of the subject key file     */
+    const char *issuer_key;     /* filename of the issuer key file      */
+    const char *subject_pwd;    /* password for the subject key file    */
+    const char *issuer_pwd;     /* password for the issuer key file     */
+    const char *output_file;    /* where to store the constructed CRT   */
+    const char *subject_name;   /* subject name for certificate         */
+    const char *issuer_name;    /* issuer name for certificate          */
+    const char *not_before;     /* validity period not before           */
+    const char *not_after;      /* validity period not after            */
+    const char *serial;         /* serial number string                 */
+    int selfsign;               /* selfsign the certificate             */
+    int is_ca;                  /* is a CA certificate                  */
+    int max_pathlen;            /* maximum CA path length               */
+    int authority_identifier;   /* add authority identifier to CRT      */
+    int subject_identifier;     /* add subject identifier to CRT        */
+    int basic_constraints;      /* add basic constraints ext to CRT     */
+    int version;                /* CRT version                          */
+    mbedtls_md_type_t md;       /* Hash used for signing                */
+    unsigned char key_usage;    /* key usage flags                      */
+    unsigned char ns_cert_type; /* NS cert type                         */
+} opt;
+
+int write_certificate( mbedtls_x509write_cert *crt, const char *output_file,
+                       int (*f_rng)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t),
+                       void *p_rng )
+{
+    int ret;
+    FILE *f;
+    unsigned char output_buf[4096];
+    size_t len = 0;
+
+    memset( output_buf, 0, 4096 );
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_pem( crt, output_buf, 4096,
+                                           f_rng, p_rng ) ) < 0 )
+        return( ret );
+
+    len = strlen( (char *) output_buf );
+
+    if( ( f = fopen( output_file, "w" ) ) == NULL )
+        return( -1 );
+
+    if( fwrite( output_buf, 1, len, f ) != len )
+    {
+        fclose( f );
+        return( -1 );
+    }
+
+    fclose( f );
+
+    return( 0 );
+}
+
+int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
+{
+    int ret = 1;
+    int exit_code = MBEDTLS_EXIT_FAILURE;
+    mbedtls_x509_crt issuer_crt;
+    mbedtls_pk_context loaded_issuer_key, loaded_subject_key;
+    mbedtls_pk_context *issuer_key = &loaded_issuer_key,
+                *subject_key = &loaded_subject_key;
+    char buf[1024];
+    char issuer_name[256];
+    int i;
+    char *p, *q, *r;
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C)
+    char subject_name[256];
+    mbedtls_x509_csr csr;
+#endif
+    mbedtls_x509write_cert crt;
+    mbedtls_mpi serial;
+    mbedtls_entropy_context entropy;
+    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg;
+    const char *pers = "crt example app";
+
+    /*
+     * Set to sane values
+     */
+    mbedtls_x509write_crt_init( &crt );
+    mbedtls_pk_init( &loaded_issuer_key );
+    mbedtls_pk_init( &loaded_subject_key );
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &serial );
+    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init( &ctr_drbg );
+    mbedtls_entropy_init( &entropy );
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C)
+    mbedtls_x509_csr_init( &csr );
+#endif
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_init( &issuer_crt );
+    memset( buf, 0, 1024 );
+
+    if( argc == 0 )
+    {
+    usage:
+        mbedtls_printf( USAGE );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    opt.issuer_crt          = DFL_ISSUER_CRT;
+    opt.request_file        = DFL_REQUEST_FILE;
+    opt.subject_key         = DFL_SUBJECT_KEY;
+    opt.issuer_key          = DFL_ISSUER_KEY;
+    opt.subject_pwd         = DFL_SUBJECT_PWD;
+    opt.issuer_pwd          = DFL_ISSUER_PWD;
+    opt.output_file         = DFL_OUTPUT_FILENAME;
+    opt.subject_name        = DFL_SUBJECT_NAME;
+    opt.issuer_name         = DFL_ISSUER_NAME;
+    opt.not_before          = DFL_NOT_BEFORE;
+    opt.not_after           = DFL_NOT_AFTER;
+    opt.serial              = DFL_SERIAL;
+    opt.selfsign            = DFL_SELFSIGN;
+    opt.is_ca               = DFL_IS_CA;
+    opt.max_pathlen         = DFL_MAX_PATHLEN;
+    opt.key_usage           = DFL_KEY_USAGE;
+    opt.ns_cert_type        = DFL_NS_CERT_TYPE;
+    opt.version             = DFL_VERSION - 1;
+    opt.md                  = DFL_DIGEST;
+    opt.subject_identifier   = DFL_SUBJ_IDENT;
+    opt.authority_identifier = DFL_AUTH_IDENT;
+    opt.basic_constraints    = DFL_CONSTRAINTS;
+
+    for( i = 1; i < argc; i++ )
+    {
+
+        p = argv[i];
+        if( ( q = strchr( p, '=' ) ) == NULL )
+            goto usage;
+        *q++ = '\0';
+
+        if( strcmp( p, "request_file" ) == 0 )
+            opt.request_file = q;
+        else if( strcmp( p, "subject_key" ) == 0 )
+            opt.subject_key = q;
+        else if( strcmp( p, "issuer_key" ) == 0 )
+            opt.issuer_key = q;
+        else if( strcmp( p, "subject_pwd" ) == 0 )
+            opt.subject_pwd = q;
+        else if( strcmp( p, "issuer_pwd" ) == 0 )
+            opt.issuer_pwd = q;
+        else if( strcmp( p, "issuer_crt" ) == 0 )
+            opt.issuer_crt = q;
+        else if( strcmp( p, "output_file" ) == 0 )
+            opt.output_file = q;
+        else if( strcmp( p, "subject_name" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.subject_name = q;
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "issuer_name" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.issuer_name = q;
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "not_before" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.not_before = q;
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "not_after" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.not_after = q;
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "serial" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.serial = q;
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "authority_identifier" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.authority_identifier = atoi( q );
+            if( opt.authority_identifier != 0 &&
+                opt.authority_identifier != 1 )
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "subject_identifier" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.subject_identifier = atoi( q );
+            if( opt.subject_identifier != 0 &&
+                opt.subject_identifier != 1 )
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "basic_constraints" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.basic_constraints = atoi( q );
+            if( opt.basic_constraints != 0 &&
+                opt.basic_constraints != 1 )
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "md" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            if( strcmp( q, "SHA1" ) == 0 )
+                opt.md = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1;
+            else if( strcmp( q, "SHA256" ) == 0 )
+                opt.md = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256;
+            else if( strcmp( q, "SHA512" ) == 0 )
+                opt.md = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512;
+            else if( strcmp( q, "MD5" ) == 0 )
+                opt.md = MBEDTLS_MD_MD5;
+            else
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "version" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.version = atoi( q );
+            if( opt.version < 1 || opt.version > 3 )
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+            opt.version--;
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "selfsign" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.selfsign = atoi( q );
+            if( opt.selfsign < 0 || opt.selfsign > 1 )
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "is_ca" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.is_ca = atoi( q );
+            if( opt.is_ca < 0 || opt.is_ca > 1 )
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "max_pathlen" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            opt.max_pathlen = atoi( q );
+            if( opt.max_pathlen < -1 || opt.max_pathlen > 127 )
+            {
+                mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                goto usage;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "key_usage" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            while( q != NULL )
+            {
+                if( ( r = strchr( q, ',' ) ) != NULL )
+                    *r++ = '\0';
+
+                if( strcmp( q, "digital_signature" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.key_usage |= MBEDTLS_X509_KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "non_repudiation" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.key_usage |= MBEDTLS_X509_KU_NON_REPUDIATION;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "key_encipherment" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.key_usage |= MBEDTLS_X509_KU_KEY_ENCIPHERMENT;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "data_encipherment" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.key_usage |= MBEDTLS_X509_KU_DATA_ENCIPHERMENT;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "key_agreement" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.key_usage |= MBEDTLS_X509_KU_KEY_AGREEMENT;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "key_cert_sign" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.key_usage |= MBEDTLS_X509_KU_KEY_CERT_SIGN;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "crl_sign" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.key_usage |= MBEDTLS_X509_KU_CRL_SIGN;
+                else
+                {
+                    mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                    goto usage;
+                }
+
+                q = r;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( strcmp( p, "ns_cert_type" ) == 0 )
+        {
+            while( q != NULL )
+            {
+                if( ( r = strchr( q, ',' ) ) != NULL )
+                    *r++ = '\0';
+
+                if( strcmp( q, "ssl_client" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.ns_cert_type |= MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_SSL_CLIENT;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "ssl_server" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.ns_cert_type |= MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_SSL_SERVER;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "email" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.ns_cert_type |= MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_EMAIL;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "object_signing" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.ns_cert_type |= MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_OBJECT_SIGNING;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "ssl_ca" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.ns_cert_type |= MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_SSL_CA;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "email_ca" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.ns_cert_type |= MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_EMAIL_CA;
+                else if( strcmp( q, "object_signing_ca" ) == 0 )
+                    opt.ns_cert_type |= MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_OBJECT_SIGNING_CA;
+                else
+                {
+                    mbedtls_printf( "Invalid argument for option %s\n", p );
+                    goto usage;
+                }
+
+                q = r;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+            goto usage;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf("\n");
+
+    /*
+     * 0. Seed the PRNG
+     */
+    mbedtls_printf( "  . Seeding the random number generator..." );
+    fflush( stdout );
+
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed( &ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &entropy,
+                               (const unsigned char *) pers,
+                               strlen( pers ) ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed returned %d - %s\n",
+                        ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+
+    // Parse serial to MPI
+    //
+    mbedtls_printf( "  . Reading serial number..." );
+    fflush( stdout );
+
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &serial, 10, opt.serial ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_mpi_read_string "
+                        "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+
+    // Parse issuer certificate if present
+    //
+    if( !opt.selfsign && strlen( opt.issuer_crt ) )
+    {
+        /*
+         * 1.0.a. Load the certificates
+         */
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Loading the issuer certificate ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        if( ( ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file( &issuer_crt, opt.issuer_crt ) ) != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_dn_gets( issuer_name, sizeof(issuer_name),
+                                 &issuer_crt.subject );
+        if( ret < 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_dn_gets "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        opt.issuer_name = issuer_name;
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C)
+    // Parse certificate request if present
+    //
+    if( !opt.selfsign && strlen( opt.request_file ) )
+    {
+        /*
+         * 1.0.b. Load the CSR
+         */
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Loading the certificate request ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        if( ( ret = mbedtls_x509_csr_parse_file( &csr, opt.request_file ) ) != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_csr_parse_file "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        ret = mbedtls_x509_dn_gets( subject_name, sizeof(subject_name),
+                                 &csr.subject );
+        if( ret < 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509_dn_gets "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        opt.subject_name = subject_name;
+        subject_key = &csr.pk;
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C */
+
+    /*
+     * 1.1. Load the keys
+     */
+    if( !opt.selfsign && !strlen( opt.request_file ) )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Loading the subject key ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile( &loaded_subject_key, opt.subject_key,
+                                 opt.subject_pwd );
+        if( ret != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( "  . Loading the issuer key ..." );
+    fflush( stdout );
+
+    ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile( &loaded_issuer_key, opt.issuer_key,
+                             opt.issuer_pwd );
+    if( ret != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile "
+                        "returned -x%02x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Check if key and issuer certificate match
+    //
+    if( strlen( opt.issuer_crt ) )
+    {
+        if( mbedtls_pk_check_pair( &issuer_crt.pk, issuer_key ) != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  issuer_key does not match "
+                            "issuer certificate\n\n" );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+
+    if( opt.selfsign )
+    {
+        opt.subject_name = opt.issuer_name;
+        subject_key = issuer_key;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_subject_key( &crt, subject_key );
+    mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_issuer_key( &crt, issuer_key );
+
+    /*
+     * 1.0. Check the names for validity
+     */
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_subject_name( &crt, opt.subject_name ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_subject_name "
+                        "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_issuer_name( &crt, opt.issuer_name ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_issuer_name "
+                        "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( "  . Setting certificate values ..." );
+    fflush( stdout );
+
+    mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_version( &crt, opt.version );
+    mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_md_alg( &crt, opt.md );
+
+    ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_serial( &crt, &serial );
+    if( ret != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_serial "
+                        "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_validity( &crt, opt.not_before, opt.not_after );
+    if( ret != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_validity "
+                        "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+
+    if( opt.version == MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_VERSION_3 &&
+        opt.basic_constraints != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Adding the Basic Constraints extension ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_basic_constraints( &crt, opt.is_ca,
+                                                           opt.max_pathlen );
+        if( ret != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  x509write_crt_set_basic_contraints "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA1_C)
+    if( opt.version == MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_VERSION_3 &&
+        opt.subject_identifier != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Adding the Subject Key Identifier ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_subject_key_identifier( &crt );
+        if( ret != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_subject"
+                            "_key_identifier returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n",
+                            -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+
+    if( opt.version == MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_VERSION_3 &&
+        opt.authority_identifier != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Adding the Authority Key Identifier ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_authority_key_identifier( &crt );
+        if( ret != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_authority_"
+                            "key_identifier returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n",
+                            -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+
+    if( opt.version == MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_VERSION_3 &&
+        opt.key_usage != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Adding the Key Usage extension ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_key_usage( &crt, opt.key_usage );
+        if( ret != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_key_usage "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+
+    if( opt.version == MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_VERSION_3 &&
+        opt.ns_cert_type != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_printf( "  . Adding the NS Cert Type extension ..." );
+        fflush( stdout );
+
+        ret = mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_ns_cert_type( &crt, opt.ns_cert_type );
+        if( ret != 0 )
+        {
+            mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+            mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_ns_cert_type "
+                            "returned -0x%04x - %s\n\n", -ret, buf );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * 1.2. Writing the certificate
+     */
+    mbedtls_printf( "  . Writing the certificate..." );
+    fflush( stdout );
+
+    if( ( ret = write_certificate( &crt, opt.output_file,
+                                   mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &ctr_drbg ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_strerror( ret, buf, 1024 );
+        mbedtls_printf( " failed\n  !  write_certificate -0x%04x - %s\n\n",
+                        -ret, buf );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_printf( " ok\n" );
+
+    exit_code = MBEDTLS_EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+exit:
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C)
+    mbedtls_x509_csr_free( &csr );
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_X509_CSR_PARSE_C */
+    mbedtls_x509_crt_free( &issuer_crt );
+    mbedtls_x509write_crt_free( &crt );
+    mbedtls_pk_free( &loaded_subject_key );
+    mbedtls_pk_free( &loaded_issuer_key );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &serial );
+    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free( &ctr_drbg );
+    mbedtls_entropy_free( &entropy );
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    mbedtls_printf( "  + Press Enter to exit this program.\n" );
+    fflush( stdout ); getchar();
+#endif
+
+    return( exit_code );
+}
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_WRITE_C && MBEDTLS_X509_CRT_PARSE_C &&
+          MBEDTLS_FS_IO && MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_C && MBEDTLS_CTR_DRBG_C &&
+          MBEDTLS_ERROR_C && MBEDTLS_PEM_WRITE_C */