diff --git a/ChangeLog.d/mpi_exp_mod-zero.txt b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_exp_mod-zero.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9df9031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_exp_mod-zero.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Bugfix
+   * Fix a null pointer dereference when mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod() was called with
+     A=0 represented with 0 limbs. Up to and including Mbed TLS 2.26, this bug
+     could not be triggered by code that constructed A with one of the
+     mbedtls_mpi_read_xxx functions (including in particular TLS code) since
+     those always built an mpi object with at least one limb.
+     Credit to OSS-Fuzz. Fixes #4641.
diff --git a/ChangeLog.d/mpi_gcd-0.txt b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_gcd-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41e11e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_gcd-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Bugfix
+   * Fix mbedtls_mpi_gcd(G,A,B) when the value of B is zero. This had no
+     effect on Mbed TLS's internal use of mbedtls_mpi_gcd(), but may affect
+     applications that call mbedtls_mpi_gcd() directly. Fixes #4642.
diff --git a/ChangeLog.d/mpi_read_negative_zero.txt b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_read_negative_zero.txt
index e338de7..3285769 100644
--- a/ChangeLog.d/mpi_read_negative_zero.txt
+++ b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_read_negative_zero.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 Bugfix
-   * mbedtls_mpi_read_string on "-0" produced an MPI object that was not treated
-     as equal to 0 in all cases. Fix it to produce the same object as "0".
+   * Fix some cases in the bignum module where the library constructed an
+     unintended representation of the value 0 which was not processed
+     correctly by some bignum operations. This could happen when
+     mbedtls_mpi_read_string() was called on "-0", or when
+     mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi() and mbedtls_mpi_mul_int() was called with one of
+     the arguments being negative and the other being 0. Fixes #4643.
diff --git a/ChangeLog.d/mpi_read_zero.txt b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_read_zero.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c25159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ChangeLog.d/mpi_read_zero.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Changes
+   * mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(), mbedtls_mpi_read_binary_le() and
+     mbedtls_mpi_read_string() now construct an mbedtls_mpi object with 0 limbs
+     when their input has length 0. Note that this is an implementation detail
+     and can change at any time, so this change should be transparent, but it
+     may result in mbedtls_mpi_write_binary() or mbedtls_mpi_write_string()
+     now writing an empty string where it previously wrote one or more
+     zero digits when operating from values constructed with an mpi_read
+     function and some mpi operations.
diff --git a/library/bignum.c b/library/bignum.c
index 3acc4b9..8e4d893 100644
--- a/library/bignum.c
+++ b/library/bignum.c
@@ -203,7 +203,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * Copy the contents of Y into X
+ * Copy the contents of Y into X.
+ *
+ * This function is not constant-time. Leading zeros in Y may be removed.
+ *
+ * Ensure that X does not shrink. This is not guaranteed by the public API,
+ * but some code in the bignum module relies on this property, for example
+ * in mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod().
  */
 int mbedtls_mpi_copy( mbedtls_mpi *X, const mbedtls_mpi *Y )
 {
@@ -217,7 +223,11 @@
 
     if( Y->n == 0 )
     {
-        mbedtls_mpi_free( X );
+        if( X->n != 0 )
+        {
+            X->s = 1;
+            memset( X->p, 0, X->n * ciL );
+        }
         return( 0 );
     }
 
@@ -502,6 +512,12 @@
 
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &T );
 
+    if( s[0] == 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_mpi_free( X );
+        return( 0 );
+    }
+
     if( s[0] == '-' )
     {
         ++s;
@@ -1625,6 +1641,7 @@
     int ret = MBEDTLS_ERR_ERROR_CORRUPTION_DETECTED;
     size_t i, j;
     mbedtls_mpi TA, TB;
+    int result_is_zero = 0;
     MPI_VALIDATE_RET( X != NULL );
     MPI_VALIDATE_RET( A != NULL );
     MPI_VALIDATE_RET( B != NULL );
@@ -1637,10 +1654,14 @@
     for( i = A->n; i > 0; i-- )
         if( A->p[i - 1] != 0 )
             break;
+    if( i == 0 )
+        result_is_zero = 1;
 
     for( j = B->n; j > 0; j-- )
         if( B->p[j - 1] != 0 )
             break;
+    if( j == 0 )
+        result_is_zero = 1;
 
     MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_grow( X, i + j ) );
     MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_lset( X, 0 ) );
@@ -1648,7 +1669,14 @@
     for( ; j > 0; j-- )
         mpi_mul_hlp( i, A->p, X->p + j - 1, B->p[j - 1] );
 
-    X->s = A->s * B->s;
+    /* If the result is 0, we don't shortcut the operation, which reduces
+     * but does not eliminate side channels leaking the zero-ness. We do
+     * need to take care to set the sign bit properly since the library does
+     * not fully support an MPI object with a value of 0 and s == -1. */
+    if( result_is_zero )
+        X->s = 1;
+    else
+        X->s = A->s * B->s;
 
 cleanup:
 
@@ -2175,6 +2203,11 @@
 #endif
 
     j = N->n + 1;
+    /* All W[i] and X must have at least N->n limbs for the mpi_montmul()
+     * and mpi_montred() calls later. Here we ensure that W[1] and X are
+     * large enough, and later we'll grow other W[i] to the same length.
+     * They must not be shrunk midway through this function!
+     */
     MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_grow( X, j ) );
     MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_grow( &W[1],  j ) );
     MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_grow( &T, j * 2 ) );
@@ -2209,10 +2242,18 @@
      * W[1] = A * R^2 * R^-1 mod N = A * R mod N
      */
     if( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( A, N ) >= 0 )
+    {
         MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi( &W[1], A, N ) );
+        /* This should be a no-op because W[1] is already that large before
+         * mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(), but it's necessary to avoid an overflow
+         * in mpi_montmul() below, so let's make sure. */
+        MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_grow( &W[1], N->n + 1 ) );
+    }
     else
         MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &W[1], A ) );
 
+    /* Note that this is safe because W[1] always has at least N->n limbs
+     * (it grew above and was preserved by mbedtls_mpi_copy()). */
     mpi_montmul( &W[1], &RR, N, mm, &T );
 
     /*
@@ -2368,19 +2409,67 @@
     lz = mbedtls_mpi_lsb( &TA );
     lzt = mbedtls_mpi_lsb( &TB );
 
+    /* The loop below gives the correct result when A==0 but not when B==0.
+     * So have a special case for B==0. Leverage the fact that we just
+     * calculated the lsb and lsb(B)==0 iff B is odd or 0 to make the test
+     * slightly more efficient than cmp_int(). */
+    if( lzt == 0 && mbedtls_mpi_get_bit( &TB, 0 ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ret = mbedtls_mpi_copy( G, A );
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+
     if( lzt < lz )
         lz = lzt;
 
-    MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_shift_r( &TA, lz ) );
-    MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_shift_r( &TB, lz ) );
-
     TA.s = TB.s = 1;
 
+    /* We mostly follow the procedure described in HAC 14.54, but with some
+     * minor differences:
+     * - Sequences of multiplications or divisions by 2 are grouped into a
+     *   single shift operation.
+     * - The procedure in HAC assumes that 0 < TB <= TA.
+     *     - The condition TB <= TA is not actually necessary for correctness.
+     *       TA and TB have symmetric roles except for the loop termination
+     *       condition, and the shifts at the beginning of the loop body
+     *       remove any significance from the ordering of TA vs TB before
+     *       the shifts.
+     *     - If TA = 0, the loop goes through 0 iterations and the result is
+     *       correctly TB.
+     *     - The case TB = 0 was short-circuited above.
+     *
+     * For the correctness proof below, decompose the original values of
+     * A and B as
+     *   A = sa * 2^a * A' with A'=0 or A' odd, and sa = +-1
+     *   B = sb * 2^b * B' with B'=0 or B' odd, and sb = +-1
+     * Then gcd(A, B) = 2^{min(a,b)} * gcd(A',B'),
+     * and gcd(A',B') is odd or 0.
+     *
+     * At the beginning, we have TA = |A| and TB = |B| so gcd(A,B) = gcd(TA,TB).
+     * The code maintains the following invariant:
+     *     gcd(A,B) = 2^k * gcd(TA,TB) for some k   (I)
+     */
+
+    /* Proof that the loop terminates:
+     * At each iteration, either the right-shift by 1 is made on a nonzero
+     * value and the nonnegative integer bitlen(TA) + bitlen(TB) decreases
+     * by at least 1, or the right-shift by 1 is made on zero and then
+     * TA becomes 0 which ends the loop (TB cannot be 0 if it is right-shifted
+     * since in that case TB is calculated from TB-TA with the condition TB>TA).
+     */
     while( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &TA, 0 ) != 0 )
     {
+        /* Divisions by 2 preserve the invariant (I). */
         MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_shift_r( &TA, mbedtls_mpi_lsb( &TA ) ) );
         MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_shift_r( &TB, mbedtls_mpi_lsb( &TB ) ) );
 
+        /* Set either TA or TB to |TA-TB|/2. Since TA and TB are both odd,
+         * TA-TB is even so the division by 2 has an integer result.
+         * Invariant (I) is preserved since any odd divisor of both TA and TB
+         * also divides |TA-TB|/2, and any odd divisor of both TA and |TA-TB|/2
+         * also divides TB, and any odd divisior of both TB and |TA-TB|/2 also
+         * divides TA.
+         */
         if( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &TA, &TB ) >= 0 )
         {
             MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs( &TA, &TA, &TB ) );
@@ -2391,8 +2480,18 @@
             MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs( &TB, &TB, &TA ) );
             MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_shift_r( &TB, 1 ) );
         }
+        /* Note that one of TA or TB is still odd. */
     }
 
+    /* By invariant (I), gcd(A,B) = 2^k * gcd(TA,TB) for some k.
+     * At the loop exit, TA = 0, so gcd(TA,TB) = TB.
+     * - If there was at least one loop iteration, then one of TA or TB is odd,
+     *   and TA = 0, so TB is odd and gcd(TA,TB) = gcd(A',B'). In this case,
+     *   lz = min(a,b) so gcd(A,B) = 2^lz * TB.
+     * - If there was no loop iteration, then A was 0, and gcd(A,B) = B.
+     *   In this case, lz = 0 and B = TB so gcd(A,B) = B = 2^lz * TB as well.
+     */
+
     MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_shift_l( &TB, lz ) );
     MBEDTLS_MPI_CHK( mbedtls_mpi_copy( G, &TB ) );
 
diff --git a/tests/include/test/helpers.h b/tests/include/test/helpers.h
index 9bfe085..dfc09cd 100644
--- a/tests/include/test/helpers.h
+++ b/tests/include/test/helpers.h
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C)
+#include "mbedtls/bignum.h"
+#endif
+
 typedef enum
 {
     MBEDTLS_TEST_RESULT_SUCCESS = 0,
@@ -294,4 +298,25 @@
                                  const char *file, int line);
 #endif
 
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C)
+/** Read an MPI from a string.
+ *
+ * Like mbedtls_mpi_read_string(), but size the resulting bignum based
+ * on the number of digits in the string. In particular, construct a
+ * bignum with 0 limbs for an empty string, and a bignum with leading 0
+ * limbs if the string has sufficiently many leading 0 digits.
+ *
+ * This is important so that the "0 (null)" and "0 (1 limb)" and
+ * "leading zeros" test cases do what they claim.
+ *
+ * \param[out] X        The MPI object to populate. It must be initialized.
+ * \param radix         The radix (2 to 16).
+ * \param[in] s         The null-terminated string to read from.
+ *
+ * \return \c 0 on success, an \c MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_xxx error code otherwise.
+ */
+/* Since the library has exactly the desired behavior, this is trivial. */
+int mbedtls_test_read_mpi( mbedtls_mpi *X, int radix, const char *s );
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C */
+
 #endif /* TEST_HELPERS_H */
diff --git a/tests/src/helpers.c b/tests/src/helpers.c
index b7c9867..bf6c1d9 100644
--- a/tests/src/helpers.c
+++ b/tests/src/helpers.c
@@ -338,3 +338,18 @@
     }
 }
 #endif /* MBEDTLS_TEST_HOOKS */
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C)
+int mbedtls_test_read_mpi( mbedtls_mpi *X, int radix, const char *s )
+{
+    /* mbedtls_mpi_read_string() currently retains leading zeros.
+     * It always allocates at least one limb for the value 0. */
+    if( s[0] == 0 )
+    {
+        mbedtls_mpi_free( X );
+        return( 0 );
+    }
+    else
+        return( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( X, radix, s ) );
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_asn1parse.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_asn1parse.function
index 47a4340..414278f 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_asn1parse.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_asn1parse.function
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@
     }
 
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_BIGNUM_C)
-    ret = mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &expected_mpi, 16, expected_hex );
+    ret = mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &expected_mpi, 16, expected_hex );
     TEST_ASSERT( ret == 0 || ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA );
     if( ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA )
     {
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_debug.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_debug.function
index 0e663c6..fe5549a 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_debug.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_debug.function
@@ -179,9 +179,7 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ssl_setup( &ssl, &conf ) == 0 );
 
-    /* If value is empty, keep val->n == 0. */
-    if( value[0] != 0 )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &val, radix, value ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &val, radix, value ) == 0 );
 
     mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg( &conf, string_debug, &buffer);
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.data
index 33c7216..4e13e48 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.data
@@ -73,18 +73,36 @@
 Diffie-Hellman full exchange: 286-bit
 dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623982317398171298719873918739182739712938719287391879381271":36:10:"9345098309485093845098340962223981329819812792137312973297123912791271":0
 
-Diffie-Hellman trivial subgroup #1
-dhm_do_dhm:10:"23":1:10:"1":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
-
-Diffie-Hellman trivial subgroup #2
-dhm_do_dhm:10:"23":1:10:"-1":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
-
 Diffie-Hellman small modulus
 dhm_do_dhm:10:"3":1:10:"5":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_MAKE_PARAMS_FAILED+MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
 Diffie-Hellman zero modulus
 dhm_do_dhm:10:"0":1:10:"5":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
+Diffie-Hellman with G=0
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Diffie-Hellman with G=1
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"1":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Diffie-Hellman with G=-1
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"-1":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Diffie-Hellman with G=P-1
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"93450983094850938450983409622":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Diffie-Hellman with G=P-2
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"93450983094850938450983409621":0
+
+Diffie-Hellman with G=P
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Diffie-Hellman with G=P+1
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"93450983094850938450983409624":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Diffie-Hellman with G=P+2
+dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":13:10:"93450983094850938450983409625":0
+
 Diffie-Hellman: x_size < 0
 dhm_do_dhm:10:"93450983094850938450983409623":-1:10:"9345098304850938450983409622":MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.function
index 6d3743f..96ff2ac 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_dhm.function
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@
     /*
      * Set params
      */
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx_srv.P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx_srv.G, radix_G, input_G ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx_srv.P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx_srv.G, radix_G, input_G ) == 0 );
     pub_cli_len = mbedtls_mpi_size( &ctx_srv.P );
 
     /*
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_shift_l( &P, ( P_bytes * 8 ) - 1 ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_set_bit( &P, 0, 1 ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &G, radix_G, input_G ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &G, radix_G, input_G ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_dhm_set_group( &ctx, &P, &G ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_dhm_make_public( &ctx, (int) mbedtls_mpi_size( &P ),
@@ -331,8 +331,8 @@
     mbedtls_dhm_init( &ctx );
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &P ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &G );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, 16, p ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &G, 16, g ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, 16, p ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &G, 16, g ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_dhm_parse_dhmfile( &ctx, filename ) == 0 );
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdh.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdh.function
index da0531b..69197e6 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdh.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdh.function
@@ -278,21 +278,21 @@
                                           mbedtls_test_rnd_buffer_rand,
                                           &rnd_info_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( ! mbedtls_ecp_is_zero( &qA ) );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &check, 16, xA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &check, 16, xA_str ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &qA.X, &check ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &check, 16, yA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &check, 16, yA_str ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &qA.Y, &check ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecdh_gen_public( &grp, &dB, &qB,
                                           mbedtls_test_rnd_buffer_rand,
                                           &rnd_info_B ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( ! mbedtls_ecp_is_zero( &qB ) );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &check, 16, xB_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &check, 16, xB_str ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &qB.X, &check ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &check, 16, yB_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &check, 16, yB_str ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &qB.Y, &check ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &check, 16, z_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &check, 16, z_str ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecdh_compute_shared( &grp, &zA, &qB, &dA, NULL, NULL ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &zA, &check ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecdh_compute_shared( &grp, &zB, &qA, &dB, NULL, NULL ) == 0 );
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdsa.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdsa.function
index fb6ed46..d47bb4e 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdsa.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_ecdsa.function
@@ -289,9 +289,9 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_point_read_string( &Q, 16, xQ_str, yQ_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &r_check, 16, r_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &s_check, 16, s_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &r_check, 16, r_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &s_check, 16, s_str ) == 0 );
     rnd_info.fallback_f_rng = mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand;
     rnd_info.fallback_p_rng = NULL;
     rnd_info.buf = rnd_buf->x;
@@ -354,9 +354,9 @@
     memset( hash, 0, sizeof( hash ) );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &r_check, 16, r_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &s_check, 16, s_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &r_check, 16, r_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &s_check, 16, s_str ) == 0 );
 
     md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_type( md_alg );
     TEST_ASSERT( md_info != NULL );
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@
     memset( sig, 0, sizeof( sig ) );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &ctx.grp, id ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
 
     md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_type( md_alg );
     TEST_ASSERT( md_info != NULL );
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_ecp.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_ecp.function
index 934598d..063be0f 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_ecp.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_ecp.function
@@ -401,9 +401,9 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, grp_id ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P.X, 16, x_hex ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P.Y, 16, y_hex ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P.Z, 16, z_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P.X, 16, x_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P.Y, 16, y_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P.Z, 16, z_hex ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_check_pubkey( &grp, &P ) == ret );
 
@@ -452,13 +452,13 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &dA, 16, dA_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xA, 16, xA_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &yA, 16, yA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dA, 16, dA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xA, 16, xA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &yA, 16, yA_str ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &dB, 16, dB_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xZ, 16, xZ_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &yZ, 16, yZ_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dB, 16, dB_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xZ, 16, xZ_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &yZ, 16, yZ_str ) == 0 );
 
     mbedtls_ecp_set_max_ops( (unsigned) max_ops );
 
@@ -536,13 +536,13 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &u1, 16, u1_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &u2, 16, u2_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xR, 16, xR_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &yR, 16, yR_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &u1, 16, u1_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &u2, 16, u2_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xR, 16, xR_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &yR, 16, yR_str ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q.X, 16, xQ_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q.Y, 16, yQ_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q.X, 16, xQ_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q.Y, 16, yQ_str ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_lset( &Q.Z, 1 ) == 0 );
 
     mbedtls_ecp_set_max_ops( (unsigned) max_ops );
@@ -599,14 +599,14 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_check_pubkey( &grp, &grp.G ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &dA, 16, dA_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xA, 16, xA_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &yA, 16, yA_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &dB, 16, dB_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xB, 16, xB_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &yB, 16, yB_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xZ, 16, xZ_str ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &yZ, 16, yZ_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dA, 16, dA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xA, 16, xA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &yA, 16, yA_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dB, 16, dB_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xB, 16, xB_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &yB, 16, yB_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xZ, 16, xZ_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &yZ, 16, yZ_str ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_mul( &grp, &R, &dA, &grp.G,
                           &mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_rand, &rnd_info ) == 0 );
@@ -654,11 +654,11 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_check_pubkey( &grp, &grp.G ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &dA, 16, dA_hex ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &dB, 16, dB_hex ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xA, 16, xA_hex ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xB, 16, xB_hex ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &xS, 16, xS_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dA, 16, dA_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dB, 16, dB_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xA, 16, xA_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xB, 16, xB_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &xS, 16, xS_hex ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_mul( &grp, &R, &dA, &grp.G,
                           &mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_rand, &rnd_info ) == 0 );
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &N ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &R );
     mbedtls_ecp_group_init( &grp );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, 16, N_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, 16, N_str ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( grp.modp != NULL );
 
@@ -856,9 +856,9 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P.X, 16, x ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P.Y, 16, y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P.Z, 16, z ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P.X, 16, x ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P.Y, 16, y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P.Z, 16, z ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_point_write_binary( &grp, &P, format,
                                    &olen, buf, blen ) == ret );
@@ -887,9 +887,9 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, 16, x ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, 16, y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Z, 16, z ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, 16, x ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, 16, y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Z, 16, z ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary( &grp, &P, buf->x, buf->len ) == ret );
 
@@ -931,9 +931,9 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, 16, x ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, 16, y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Z, 16, z ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, 16, x ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, 16, y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Z, 16, z ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_tls_read_point( &grp, &P, &vbuf, buf->len ) == ret );
 
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &d );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &grp, id ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &d, 16, key_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &d, 16, key_hex ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_check_privkey( &grp, &d ) == ret );
 
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@
     if( id != MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE )
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &prv.grp, id ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_point_read_string( &prv.Q, 16, Qx, Qy ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.d, 16, d ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.d, 16, d ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_check_pub_priv( &pub, &prv ) == ret );
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.data
index 1671d6e..2addd23 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.data
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@
 mpi_read_write_string:10:"56125680981752282334141896320372489490613963693556392520816017892111350604111697682705498319512049040516698827829292076808006940873974979584527073481012636016353913462376755556720019831187364993587901952757307830896531678727717924":16:"0941379d00fed1491fe15df284dfde4a142f68aa8d412023195cee66883e6290ffe703f4ea5963bf212713cee46b107c09182b5edcd955adac418bf4918e2889af48e1099d513830cec85c26ac1e158b52620e33ba8692f893efbb2f958b4424":200:0:0
 
 Test mpi_read_write_string #8 (Empty MPI hex -> hex)
-mpi_read_write_string:16:"":16:"00":4:0:0
+mpi_read_write_string:16:"":16:"":4:0:0
 
 Test mpi_read_write_string #9 (Empty MPI hex -> dec)
 mpi_read_write_string:16:"":10:"0":4:0:0
 
 Test mpi_read_write_string #8 (Empty MPI dec -> hex)
-mpi_read_write_string:10:"":16:"00":4:0:0
+mpi_read_write_string:10:"":16:"":4:0:0
 
 Test mpi_read_write_string #9 (Empty MPI dec -> dec)
 mpi_read_write_string:10:"":10:"0":4:0:0
@@ -121,6 +121,12 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_write_file #1
 mbedtls_mpi_write_file:10:"56125680981752282334141896320372489490613963693556392520816017892111350604111697682705498319512049040516698827829292076808006940873974979584527073481012636016353913462376755556720019831187364993587901952757307830896531678727717924":16:"data_files/mpi_write"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_lsb: 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_lsb:16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_lsb: 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_lsb:16:"0":0
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_lsb #1
 mbedtls_mpi_lsb:10:"56125680981752282334141896320372489490613963693556392520816017892111350604111697682705498319512049040516698827829292076808006940873974979584527073481012636016353913462376755556720019831187364993587901952757307830896531678727717924":2
 
@@ -151,7 +157,10 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_bitlen #6
 mbedtls_mpi_bitlen:10:"10":4
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_bitlen #7
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_bitlen: 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_bitlen:10:"":0
+
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_bitlen: 0 (1 limb)
 mbedtls_mpi_bitlen:10:"0":0
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int #1
@@ -199,6 +208,90 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi (Mixed values) #6
 mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"-2":10:"31231231289798":-1
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) = 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"":10:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) = 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"":10:"0":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) = 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"0":10:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) = 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"0":10:"0":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) < positive
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"":10:"123":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) < positive
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"0":10:"123":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) > negative
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"":10:"-123":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) > negative
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"0":10:"-123":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: positive > 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"123":10:"":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: positive > 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"123":10:"0":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: negative < 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"-123":10:"":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: negative < 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:10:"-123":10:"0":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) < positive with leading zero limb
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"":16:"0000000000000000123":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) < positive with leading zero limb
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"0":16:"0000000000000000123":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) > negative with leading zero limb
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"":16:"-0000000000000000123":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) > negative with leading zero limb
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"0":16:"-0000000000000000123":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: positive with leading zero limb > 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"0000000000000000123":16:"":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: positive with leading zero limb > 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"0000000000000000123":16:"0":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: negative with leading zero limb < 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"-0000000000000000123":16:"":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: negative with leading zero limb < 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"-0000000000000000123":16:"0":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) < large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"":16:"1230000000000000000":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) < large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"0":16:"1230000000000000000":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (null) > large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"":16:"-1230000000000000000":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: 0 (1 limb) > large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"0":16:"-1230000000000000000":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: large positive > 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"1230000000000000000":16:"":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: large positive > 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"1230000000000000000":16:"0":1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: large negative < 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"-1230000000000000000":16:"":-1
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi: large negative < 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi:16:"-1230000000000000000":16:"0":-1
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct #1
 mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct:1:"2B5":1:"2B5":0:0
 
@@ -232,6 +325,9 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct (Y is longer in storage)
 mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct:3:"2B5":4:"2B5":0:MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct (length=0)
+mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct:0:"":0:"":0:0
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct (corner case - 64 bit) #1
 mbedtls_mpi_lt_mpi_ct:2:"7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF":2:"FF":0:0
 
@@ -304,7 +400,16 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs (Negative values) #3
 mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs:10:"-2":10:"-1":1
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs (Zero and Zero) #4
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs: 0 (null) = 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs:10:"":10:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs: 0 (null) = 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs:10:"":10:"0":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs: 0 (1 limb) = 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs:10:"0":10:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs: 0 (1 limb) = 0 (1 limb)
 mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs:10:"0":10:"0":0
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs (Mix values) #1
@@ -316,84 +421,261 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs (Mix values) #3
 mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs:10:"-2":10:"1":1
 
-Copy zero (1 limb) to positive (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_sint:0:1500
+Copy large negative to large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
 
-Copy zero (1 limb) to negative (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_sint:0:-1500
+Copy large negative to large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
 
-Copy positive (1 limb) to zero (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_sint:1500:0
+Copy large negative to small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-beef"
 
-Copy negative (1 limb) to zero (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_sint:-1500:0
+Copy large negative to small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"beef"
 
-Copy positive (1 limb) to negative (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_sint:1500:-42
+Copy large negative to zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"0"
 
-Copy negative (1 limb) to positive (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_sint:-42:1500
+Copy large negative to zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":""
+
+Copy large positive to large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy large positive to large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy large positive to small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-beef"
+
+Copy large positive to small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"beef"
+
+Copy large positive to zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"0"
+
+Copy large positive to zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":""
+
+Copy small negative to large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-bead":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy small negative to large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-bead":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy small negative to small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-bead":"-beef"
+
+Copy small negative to small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-bead":"beef"
+
+Copy small negative to zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-bead":"0"
+
+Copy small negative to zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"-bead":""
+
+Copy small positive to large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"bead":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy small positive to large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"bead":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy small positive to small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"bead":"-beef"
+
+Copy small positive to small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"bead":"beef"
+
+Copy small positive to zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"bead":"0"
+
+Copy small positive to zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"bead":""
+
+Copy zero (1 limb) to large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"0":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy zero (1 limb) to large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"0":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy zero (1 limb) to small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"0":"-beef"
+
+Copy zero (1 limb) to small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"0":"beef"
+
+Copy zero (1 limb) to zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"0":"0"
+
+Copy zero (1 limb) to zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"0":""
+
+Copy zero (null) to large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy zero (null) to large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Copy zero (null) to small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"":"-beef"
+
+Copy zero (null) to small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"":"beef"
+
+Copy zero (null) to zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"":"0"
 
 Copy zero (null) to zero (null)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_binary:"":""
+mbedtls_mpi_copy:"":""
 
-Copy zero (null) to positive (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_binary:"":"1234"
+Copy self: large negative
+mpi_copy_self:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade"
 
-Copy positive (1 limb) to zero (null)
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_binary:"1234":""
+Copy self: large positive
+mpi_copy_self:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade"
 
-Copy positive to larger
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_binary:"bead":"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade"
+Copy self: small negative
+mpi_copy_self:"-bead"
 
-Copy positive to smaller
-mbedtls_mpi_copy_binary:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"bead"
-
-Copy self: positive (1 limb)
-mpi_copy_self:14
+Copy self: small positive
+mpi_copy_self:"bead"
 
 Copy self: zero (1 limb)
-mpi_copy_self:0
+mpi_copy_self:"0"
 
-Swap zero (1 limb) with positive (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_sint:0:1500
+Copy self: zero (null)
+mpi_copy_self:""
 
-Swap zero (1 limb) with negative (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_sint:0:-1500
+Swap large negative with large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
 
-Swap positive (1 limb) with zero (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_sint:1500:0
+Swap large negative with large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
 
-Swap negative (1 limb) with zero (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_sint:-1500:0
+Swap large negative with small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-beef"
 
-Swap positive (1 limb) with negative (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_sint:1500:-42
+Swap large negative with small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"beef"
 
-Swap negative (1 limb) with positive (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_sint:-42:1500
+Swap large negative with zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"0"
+
+Swap large negative with zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":""
+
+Swap large positive with large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap large positive with large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap large positive with small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"-beef"
+
+Swap large positive with small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"beef"
+
+Swap large positive with zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"0"
+
+Swap large positive with zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":""
+
+Swap small negative with large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-bead":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap small negative with large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-bead":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap small negative with small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-bead":"-beef"
+
+Swap small negative with small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-bead":"beef"
+
+Swap small negative with zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-bead":"0"
+
+Swap small negative with zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"-bead":""
+
+Swap small positive with large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"bead":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap small positive with large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"bead":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap small positive with small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"bead":"-beef"
+
+Swap small positive with small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"bead":"beef"
+
+Swap small positive with zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"bead":"0"
+
+Swap small positive with zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"bead":""
+
+Swap zero (1 limb) with large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"0":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap zero (1 limb) with large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"0":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap zero (1 limb) with small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"0":"-beef"
+
+Swap zero (1 limb) with small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"0":"beef"
+
+Swap zero (1 limb) with zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"0":"0"
+
+Swap zero (1 limb) with zero (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"0":""
+
+Swap zero (null) with large negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"":"-face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap zero (null) with large positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"":"face1e55ca11ab1ecab005e5"
+
+Swap zero (null) with small negative
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"":"-beef"
+
+Swap zero (null) with small positive
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"":"beef"
+
+Swap zero (null) with zero (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"":"0"
 
 Swap zero (null) with zero (null)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_binary:"":""
+mbedtls_mpi_swap:"":""
 
-Swap zero (null) with positive (1 limb)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_binary:"":"1234"
+Swap self: large negative
+mpi_swap_self:"-ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade"
 
-Swap positive (1 limb) with zero (null)
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_binary:"1234":""
+Swap self: large positive
+mpi_swap_self:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade"
 
-Swap positive with larger
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_binary:"bead":"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade"
+Swap self: small negative
+mpi_swap_self:"-bead"
 
-Swap positive with smaller
-mbedtls_mpi_swap_binary:"ca5cadedb01dfaceacc01ade":"bead"
+Swap self: small positive
+mpi_swap_self:"bead"
 
-Swap self: 1 limb
-mpi_swap_self:"face"
+Swap self: zero (1 limb)
+mpi_swap_self:"0"
 
-Swap self: null
+Swap self: zero (null)
 mpi_swap_self:""
 
+Shrink 0 limbs in a buffer of size 0 to 0
+mbedtls_mpi_shrink:0:0:0:0
+
 Shrink 2 limbs in a buffer of size 2 to 4
 mbedtls_mpi_shrink:2:2:4:4
 
@@ -418,42 +700,6 @@
 Shrink 0 limbs in a buffer of size 4 to 0 yielding 1
 mbedtls_mpi_shrink:4:0:0:1
 
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign #1
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign:+1:"01":+1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign #2
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign:+1:"FF000000000000000001":+1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign #3
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign:+1:"01":+1:"FF000000000000000002"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign #4
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign:+1:"01":-1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign #5
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign:-1:"01":+1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign #6
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign:-1:"01":-1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap #1
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap:+1:"01":+1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap #2
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap:+1:"FF000000000000000001":+1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap #3
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap:+1:"01":+1:"FF000000000000000002"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap #4
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap:+1:"01":-1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap #5
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap:-1:"01":+1:"02"
-
-Test mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap #6
-mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap:-1:"01":-1:"02"
-
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_add_abs #1
 mbedtls_mpi_add_abs:10:"12345678":10:"642531":10:"12988209"
 
@@ -466,6 +712,15 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_add_abs #4
 mbedtls_mpi_add_abs:10:"-12345678":10:"-642531":10:"12988209"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_abs: 0 (null) + 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_add_abs:16:"":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_abs: 0 (null) + 1
+mbedtls_mpi_add_abs:16:"":16:"01":16:"01"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_abs: 1 + 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_add_abs:16:"01":16:"":16:"01"
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_add_abs #1
 mbedtls_mpi_add_abs:10:"-643808006803554439230129854961492699151386107534013432918073439524138264842370630061369715394739134090922937332590384720397133335969549256322620979036686633213903952966175107096769180017646161851573147596390153":10:"56125680981752282333498088313568935051383833838594899821664631784577337171193624243181360054669678410455329112434552942717084003541384594864129940145043086760031292483340068923506115878221189886491132772739661669044958531131327771":10:"56125680981752282334141896320372489490613963693556392520816017892111350604111697682705498319512049040516698827829292076808006940873974979584527073481012636016353913462376755556720019831187364993587901952757307830896531678727717924"
 
@@ -487,6 +742,21 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi #4
 mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi:10:"-12345678":10:"-642531":10:"-12988209"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi: 0 (null) + 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi:16:"":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi: 0 (null) + 1
+mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi:16:"":16:"01":16:"01"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi: 1 + 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi:16:"01":16:"":16:"01"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi: 0 (null) + -1
+mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi:16:"":16:"-01":16:"-01"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi: -1 + 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi:16:"-01":16:"":16:"-01"
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi #1
 mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi:10:"203956878356401977405765866929034577280193993314348263094772646453283062722701277632936616063144088173312372882677123879538709400158306567338328279154499698366071906766440037074217117805690872792848149112022286332144876183376326512083574821647933992961249917319836219304274280243803104015000563790123":10:"531872289054204184185084734375133399408303613982130856645299464930952178606045848877129147820387996428175564228204785846141207532462936339834139412401975338705794646595487324365194792822189473092273993580587964571659678084484152603881094176995594813302284232006001752128168901293560051833646881436219":10:"735829167410606161590850601304167976688497607296479119740072111384235241328747126510065763883532084601487937110881909725679916932621242907172467691556475037071866553361927361439411910627880345885122142692610250903804554267860479115964668998643528806263534149325837971432443181537363155848647445226342"
 
@@ -508,6 +778,12 @@
 Test mbedtls_mpi_add_int #2
 mbedtls_mpi_add_int:10:"2039568783564019774057658669290345772801939933143482630947726464532830627227012776329":-9871232:10:"2039568783564019774057658669290345772801939933143482630947726464532830627227002905097"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_int: 0 (null) + 0
+mbedtls_mpi_add_int:16:"":0:16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_add_int: 0 (null) + 1
+mbedtls_mpi_add_int:16:"":1:16:"1"
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs #1 (|B| > |A|)
 mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:10:"5":10:"7":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NEGATIVE_VALUE
 
@@ -544,6 +820,24 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs #4
 mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:10:"7":10:"-5":10:"2":0
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs: 0 (null) - 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:16:"":16:"":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs: 0 (null) - 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:16:"":16:"00":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs: 0 (1 limb) - 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:16:"00":16:"":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs: 0 (1 limb) - 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:16:"00":16:"00":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs: 1 - 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:16:"01":16:"":16:"01":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs: 0 (null) - 1
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:16:"":16:"01":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NEGATIVE_VALUE
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs #1
 mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs:16:"FFFFFFFFFF":16:"01":16:"FFFFFFFFFE":0
 
@@ -568,6 +862,27 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi #4 (Test with negative subtraction)
 mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:10:"5":10:"-7":10:"12"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi: 0 (null) - 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:16:"":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi: 0 (null) - 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:16:"":16:"00":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi: 0 (null) - 1
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:16:"":16:"1":16:"-1"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi: 0 (null) - -1
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:16:"":16:"-1":16:"1"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi: 0 (1 limb) - 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:16:"00":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi: 1 - 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:16:"1":16:"":16:"1"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi: -1 - 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:16:"-1":16:"":16:"-1"
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi #1
 mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi:10:"531872289054204184185084734375133399408303613982130856645299464930952178606045848877129147820387996428175564228204785846141207532462936339834139412401975338705794646595487324365194792822189473092273993580587964571659678084484152603881094176995594813302284232006001752128168901293560051833646881436219":10:"203956878356401977405765866929034577280193993314348263094772646453283062722701277632936616063144088173312372882677123879538709400158306567338328279154499698366071906766440037074217117805690872792848149112022286332144876183376326512083574821647933992961249917319836219304274280243803104015000563790123":10:"327915410697802206779318867446098822128109620667782593550526818477669115883344571244192531757243908254863191345527661966602498132304629772495811133247475640339722739829047287290977675016498600299425844468565678239514801901107826091797519355347660820341034314686165532823894621049756947818646317646096"
 
@@ -580,12 +895,30 @@
 Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_int #2
 mbedtls_mpi_sub_int:10:"2039568783564019774057658669290345772801939933143482630947726464532830627227012776329":9871232:10:"2039568783564019774057658669290345772801939933143482630947726464532830627227002905097"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_int: 0 (null) - 0
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_int:16:"":0:16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_int: 0 (null) - 1
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_int:16:"":1:16:"-1"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_sub_int: 0 (null) - -1
+mbedtls_mpi_sub_int:16:"":-1:16:"1"
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_l #1
 mbedtls_mpi_shift_l:10:"64":1:10:"128"
 
 Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_l #2
 mbedtls_mpi_shift_l:10:"658385546911733550164516088405238961461880256029834598831972039469421755117818013653494814438931957316403111689187691446941406788869098983929874080332195117465344344350008880118042764943201875870917468833709791733282363323948005998269792207":37:10:"90487820548639020691922304619723076305400961610119884872723190678642804168382367856686134531865643066983017249846286450251272364365605022750900439437595355052945035915579216557330505438734955340526145476988250171181404966718289259743378883640981192704"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_l: 0 (null) <<= 0
+mbedtls_mpi_shift_l:16:"":0:16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_l: 0 (null) <<= 1
+mbedtls_mpi_shift_l:16:"":1:16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_l: 0 (null) <<= 64
+mbedtls_mpi_shift_l:16:"":64:16:"0"
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_r #1
 mbedtls_mpi_shift_r:10:"128":1:10:"64"
 
@@ -604,6 +937,15 @@
 Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_r #7
 mbedtls_mpi_shift_r:16:"FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF":128:16:"00"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_r: 0 (null) >>= 0
+mbedtls_mpi_shift_r:16:"":0:16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_r: 0 (null) >>= 1
+mbedtls_mpi_shift_r:16:"":1:16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_shift_r: 0 (null) >>= 64
+mbedtls_mpi_shift_r:16:"":64:16:"0"
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1
 mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:10:"5":10:"7":10:"35"
 
@@ -616,8 +958,131 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #4
 mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:10:"-5":10:"-7":10:"35"
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: 0 (null) * 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: 0 (null) * 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"":16:"00":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: 0 (null) * 1
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"":16:"01":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: 0 (null) * -1
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"":16:"-01":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: 0 (1 limb) * -1
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"00":16:"-01":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: 0 (1 limb) * 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"00":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: 1 * 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"01":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: -1 * 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-01":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi: -1 * 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-01":16:"00":16:"0"
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1
-mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:10:"28911710017320205966167820725313234361535259163045867986277478145081076845846493521348693253530011243988160148063424837895971948244167867236923919506962312185829914482993478947657472351461336729641485069323635424692930278888923450060546465883490944265147851036817433970984747733020522259537":10:"16471581891701794764704009719057349996270239948993452268812975037240586099924712715366967486587417803753916334331355573776945238871512026832810626226164346328807407669366029926221415383560814338828449642265377822759768011406757061063524768140567867350208554439342320410551341675119078050953":10:"476221599179424887669515829231223263939342135681791605842540429321038144633323941248706405375723482912535192363845116154236465184147599697841273424891410002781967962186252583311115708128167171262206919514587899883547279647025952837516324649656913580411611297312678955801899536937577476819667861053063432906071315727948826276092545739432005962781562403795455162483159362585281248265005441715080197800335757871588045959754547836825977169125866324128449699877076762316768127816074587766799018626179199776188490087103869164122906791440101822594139648973454716256383294690817576188761"
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in B
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in B, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in B, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in B, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A and B
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A and B, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A and B, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #1, leading 0 limb in A and B, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-000000000000000002f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-000000000000000001b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb59"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in B
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in B, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in B, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"-0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in B, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"0503ae899d35ae5b7706b067aed7cb2952da37a5d4ad58f05f69abe14e8aaae88eab2baed858177cb4595c0edc92e5ac13c2bba2bfa23276dd023e9e52f547d4c9edb138d86aad329d7afb01e15eab7281e181cb249fc91bf09d621d86561301edda156f80e3bbff853a312852fe9e3d0541cb86801390aff1dc3c05bcb592c266f625b70e419b4c7e7e85399bb06c0e50b099b4292f9eaff4d869681faa1f745b5fcb3349ed93c572739a31dcf76b43370cf9f86cc54e982dfac9467bde915c697e60554e0d698be6bb2dd1f8bc64659f6baee7641b51f4b5ed7010c04600fcd382db84a93fe3d4d86e86a459c6cebb590000000000000000"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A and B
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A and B, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"-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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A and B, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"-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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #2, trailing 0 limb in A and B, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf24510000000000000000":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c890000000000000000":16:"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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in A
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf245100000000000000000000000000000000":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in A, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf245100000000000000000000000000000000":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in A, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf245100000000000000000000000000000000":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"-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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in A, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf245100000000000000000000000000000000":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c89":16:"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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in B
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c8900000000000000000000000000000000":16:"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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in B, A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c8900000000000000000000000000000000":16:"-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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in B, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c8900000000000000000000000000000000":16:"-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"
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi #3, trailing 0 limbs in B, A < 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi:16:"-02f77b94b179d4a51360f04fa56e2c0784ce3b8a742280b016904896a5605fbe9e0f0683f82c439d979ab14e11b34e05ae96232b18fb2e0d1319f4942732d7eadf92ae90cb8c68ec8ece154d334f553564b6f6db185b33b8d3635598c3d128acde8bbb7b13697e48d1a542e5f9168d2d83a8dd05ae1eaf2451":16:"-01b0b14c432710cde936e3fc100515e95dca61e10b8a68d9632bfa0546a9731a1ce6bebc6cb5fe6f5fd7e57b25f737f6a0ce5402e216b8b81c06f0c5ccce447d7f5631d14bff9dfa16f7cc72c56c84b636d00a5f35199d17ee9bf3f8746f44374ffd4ae22cf84089f04a9f7f356d6dc9f8cf8ef208a9b88c8900000000000000000000000000000000":16:"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"
 
 Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_int #1
 mbedtls_mpi_mul_int:10:"2039568783564019774057658669290345772801939933143482630947726464532830627227012776329":9871232:10:"20133056642518226042310730101376278483547239130123806338055387803943342738063359782107667328":"=="
@@ -631,15 +1096,45 @@
 Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_int #4 (Unsigned, thus failure)
 mbedtls_mpi_mul_int:10:"-2039568783564019774057658669290345772801939933143482630947726464532830627227012776329":-9871232:10:"20133056642518226042310730101376278483547239130123806338055387803943342738063359782107667328":"!="
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_int: 0 (null) * 0
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_int:16:"":0:16:"":"=="
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_int: 0 (null) * 1
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_int:16:"":1:16:"":"=="
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mul_int: 0 (null) * 0x1234
+mbedtls_mpi_mul_int:16:"":0x1234:16:"":"=="
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi #1
 mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:10:"1000":10:"13":10:"76":10:"12":0
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi #2 (Divide by zero)
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi #2 (Divide by zero (1 limb))
 mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:10:"1000":10:"0":10:"1":10:"1":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
 
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi #2 (Divide by zero (null))
+mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:10:"1000":10:"":10:"1":10:"1":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi #3
 mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:10:"1000":10:"-13":10:"-76":10:"12":0
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi: 0 (null) / 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:16:"":16:"":16:"":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi: 0 (null) / 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:16:"":16:"0":16:"":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi: 0 (1 limb) / 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:16:"0":16:"":16:"":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi: 0 (1 limb) / 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:16:"0":16:"0":16:"":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi: 0 (null) / 1
+mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:16:"":16:"1":16:"":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi: 0 (null) / -1
+mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:16:"":16:"-1":16:"":16:"":0
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi #1
 mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi:10:"20133056642518226042310730101376278483547239130123806338055387803943342738063359782107667328":10:"34":10:"592148724779947824773845002981655249516095268533053127589864347174804198178334111238460803":10:"26":0
 
@@ -667,10 +1162,22 @@
 Test mbedtls_mpi_div_int #2
 mbedtls_mpi_div_int:10:"20133056642518226042310730101376278483547239130123806338055387803943342738063359782107667328":-34:10:"-592148724779947824773845002981655249516095268533053127589864347174804198178334111238460803":10:"26":0
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_int: 0 (null) / 0
+mbedtls_mpi_div_int:16:"":0:16:"":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_int: 0 (1 limb) / 0
+mbedtls_mpi_div_int:16:"00":0:16:"":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_div_int: 0 (null) / 1
+mbedtls_mpi_div_int:16:"":1:16:"":16:"":0
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi #1
 mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi:10:"1000":10:"13":10:"12":0
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi #2 (Divide by zero)
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi #2 (Divide by zero (null))
+mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi:10:"1000":10:"":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
+
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi #2 (Divide by zero (1 limb))
 mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi:10:"1000":10:"0":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi #3
@@ -682,6 +1189,12 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi #5 (Negative modulo)
 mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi:10:"-1000":10:"-13":10:"-12":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NEGATIVE_VALUE
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi: 0 (null) % 1
+mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi:16:"":16:"1":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi: 0 (null) % -1
+mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi:16:"":16:"-1":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NEGATIVE_VALUE
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_int #1
 mbedtls_mpi_mod_int:10:"1000":13:12:0
 
@@ -706,23 +1219,74 @@
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_mod_int #8 (By 2)
 mbedtls_mpi_mod_int:10:"1000":2:0:0
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mod_int: 0 (null) % 1
+mbedtls_mpi_mod_int:16:"":1:0:0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_mod_int: 0 (null) % -1
+mbedtls_mpi_mod_int:16:"":-1:0:MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NEGATIVE_VALUE
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #1
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"13":10:"29":10:"":10:"24":0
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"13":10:"29":10:"24":0
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #2 (Even N)
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"13":10:"30":10:"":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"13":10:"30":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Base test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #2 (N = 0 (null))
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"13":10:"":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #3 (Negative N)
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"13":10:"-29":10:"":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"13":10:"-29":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #4 (Negative base)
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"-23":10:"13":10:"29":10:"":10:"5":0
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"-23":10:"13":10:"29":10:"5":0
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #5 (Negative exponent)
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"-13":10:"29":10:"":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"23":10:"-13":10:"29":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #6 (Negative base + exponent)
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"-23":10:"-13":10:"29":10:"":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"-23":10:"-13":10:"29":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (null) ^ 0 (null) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"":16:"":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (null) ^ 0 (1 limb) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"":16:"00":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (null) ^ 1 mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"":16:"01":16:"09":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (null) ^ 2 mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"":16:"02":16:"09":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (1 limb) ^ 0 (null) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"00":16:"":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (1 limb) ^ 0 (1 limb) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"00":16:"00":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (1 limb) ^ 1 mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"00":16:"01":16:"09":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 0 (1 limb) ^ 2 mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"00":16:"02":16:"09":16:"":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 1 ^ 0 (null) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"01":16:"":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 4 ^ 0 (null) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"04":16:"":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 10 ^ 0 (null) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"0a":16:"":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 1 ^ 0 (1 limb) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"01":16:"00":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 4 ^ 0 (1 limb) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"04":16:"00":16:"09":16:"1":0
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: 10 ^ 0 (1 limb) mod 9
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"0a":16:"00":16:"09":16:"1":0
 
 Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod: MAX_SIZE exponent
 mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod_size:2:MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE:10:10:"":0
@@ -744,14 +1308,14 @@
 
 Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod #1
 depends_on:MPI_MAX_BITS_LARGER_THAN_792
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"5781538327977828897150909166778407659250458379645823062042492461576758526757490910073628008613977550546382774775570888130029763571528699574717583228939535960234464230882573615930384979100379102915657483866755371559811718767760594919456971354184113721":10:"583137007797276923956891216216022144052044091311388601652961409557516421612874571554415606746479105795833145583959622117418531166391184939066520869800857530421873250114773204354963864729386957427276448683092491947566992077136553066273207777134303397724679138833126700957":10:"":10:"114597449276684355144920670007147953232659436380163461553186940113929777196018164149703566472936578890991049344459204199888254907113495794730452699842273939581048142004834330369483813876618772578869083248061616444392091693787039636316845512292127097865026290173004860736":0
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"5781538327977828897150909166778407659250458379645823062042492461576758526757490910073628008613977550546382774775570888130029763571528699574717583228939535960234464230882573615930384979100379102915657483866755371559811718767760594919456971354184113721":10:"583137007797276923956891216216022144052044091311388601652961409557516421612874571554415606746479105795833145583959622117418531166391184939066520869800857530421873250114773204354963864729386957427276448683092491947566992077136553066273207777134303397724679138833126700957":10:"114597449276684355144920670007147953232659436380163461553186940113929777196018164149703566472936578890991049344459204199888254907113495794730452699842273939581048142004834330369483813876618772578869083248061616444392091693787039636316845512292127097865026290173004860736":0
 
 Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod (Negative base) [#1]
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"-10000000000":10:"10000000000":10:"99999":10:"":10:"1":0
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:10:"-10000000000":10:"10000000000":10:"99999":10:"1":0
 
 Test mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod (Negative base) [#2]
 depends_on:MPI_MAX_BITS_LARGER_THAN_792
-mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"-9f13012cd92aa72fb86ac8879d2fde4f7fd661aaae43a00971f081cc60ca277059d5c37e89652e2af2585d281d66ef6a9d38a117e9608e9e7574cd142dc55278838a2161dd56db9470d4c1da2d5df15a908ee2eb886aaa890f23be16de59386663a12f1afbb325431a3e835e3fd89b98b96a6f77382f458ef9a37e1f84a03045c8676ab55291a94c2228ea15448ee96b626b998":16:"40a54d1b9e86789f06d9607fb158672d64867665c73ee9abb545fc7a785634b354c7bae5b962ce8040cf45f2c1f3d3659b2ee5ede17534c8fc2ec85c815e8df1fe7048d12c90ee31b88a68a081f17f0d8ce5f4030521e9400083bcea73a429031d4ca7949c2000d597088e0c39a6014d8bf962b73bb2e8083bd0390a4e00b9b3":16:"eeaf0ab9adb38dd69c33f80afa8fc5e86072618775ff3c0b9ea2314c9c256576d674df7496ea81d3383b4813d692c6e0e0d5d8e250b98be48e495c1d6089dad15dc7d7b46154d6b6ce8ef4ad69b15d4982559b297bcf1885c529f566660e57ec68edbc3c05726cc02fd4cbf4976eaa9afd5138fe8376435b9fc61d2fc0eb06e3":16:"":16:"21acc7199e1b90f9b4844ffe12c19f00ec548c5d32b21c647d48b6015d8eb9ec9db05b4f3d44db4227a2b5659c1a7cceb9d5fa8fa60376047953ce7397d90aaeb7465e14e820734f84aa52ad0fc66701bcbb991d57715806a11531268e1e83dd48288c72b424a6287e9ce4e5cc4db0dd67614aecc23b0124a5776d36e5c89483":0
+mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod:16:"-9f13012cd92aa72fb86ac8879d2fde4f7fd661aaae43a00971f081cc60ca277059d5c37e89652e2af2585d281d66ef6a9d38a117e9608e9e7574cd142dc55278838a2161dd56db9470d4c1da2d5df15a908ee2eb886aaa890f23be16de59386663a12f1afbb325431a3e835e3fd89b98b96a6f77382f458ef9a37e1f84a03045c8676ab55291a94c2228ea15448ee96b626b998":16:"40a54d1b9e86789f06d9607fb158672d64867665c73ee9abb545fc7a785634b354c7bae5b962ce8040cf45f2c1f3d3659b2ee5ede17534c8fc2ec85c815e8df1fe7048d12c90ee31b88a68a081f17f0d8ce5f4030521e9400083bcea73a429031d4ca7949c2000d597088e0c39a6014d8bf962b73bb2e8083bd0390a4e00b9b3":16:"eeaf0ab9adb38dd69c33f80afa8fc5e86072618775ff3c0b9ea2314c9c256576d674df7496ea81d3383b4813d692c6e0e0d5d8e250b98be48e495c1d6089dad15dc7d7b46154d6b6ce8ef4ad69b15d4982559b297bcf1885c529f566660e57ec68edbc3c05726cc02fd4cbf4976eaa9afd5138fe8376435b9fc61d2fc0eb06e3":16:"21acc7199e1b90f9b4844ffe12c19f00ec548c5d32b21c647d48b6015d8eb9ec9db05b4f3d44db4227a2b5659c1a7cceb9d5fa8fa60376047953ce7397d90aaeb7465e14e820734f84aa52ad0fc66701bcbb991d57715806a11531268e1e83dd48288c72b424a6287e9ce4e5cc4db0dd67614aecc23b0124a5776d36e5c89483":0
 
 Base test GCD #1
 mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"693":10:"609":10:"21"
@@ -762,24 +1326,105 @@
 Base test GCD #3
 mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"768454923":10:"542167814":10:"1"
 
-Test GCD #1
+Test GCD: 0 (null), 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test GCD: 0 (null), 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"":16:"00":16:"0"
+
+Test GCD: 0 (null), 3
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"":16:"03":16:"3"
+
+Test GCD: 0 (null), 6
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"":16:"06":16:"6"
+
+Test GCD: 0 (1 limb), 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"00":16:"":16:"0"
+
+Test GCD: 0 (1 limb), 3
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"00":16:"03":16:"3"
+
+Test GCD: 0 (1 limb), 6
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"00":16:"06":16:"6"
+
+Test GCD: 3, 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"03":16:"":16:"3"
+
+Test GCD: 3, 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"03":16:"00":16:"3"
+
+Test GCD: 6, 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"06":16:"":16:"6"
+
+Test GCD: 6, 0 (1 limb)
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:16:"06":16:"00":16:"6"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=1, 0 < A < B
 mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"5781538327977828897150909166778407659250458379645823062042492461576758526757490910073628008613977550546382774775570888130029763571528699574717583228939535960234464230882573615930384979100379102915657483866755371559811718767760594919456971354184113721":10:"1"
 
+Test GCD: gcd=1, 0 < B < A
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"5781538327977828897150909166778407659250458379645823062042492461576758526757490910073628008613977550546382774775570888130029763571528699574717583228939535960234464230882573615930384979100379102915657483866755371559811718767760594919456971354184113721":10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"1"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=1, A > 0, B < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"-5781538327977828897150909166778407659250458379645823062042492461576758526757490910073628008613977550546382774775570888130029763571528699574717583228939535960234464230882573615930384979100379102915657483866755371559811718767760594919456971354184113721":10:"1"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=1, A < 0 < B, |A| < |B|
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"-433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"5781538327977828897150909166778407659250458379645823062042492461576758526757490910073628008613977550546382774775570888130029763571528699574717583228939535960234464230882573615930384979100379102915657483866755371559811718767760594919456971354184113721":10:"1"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=1, B < A < 0
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"-433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"-5781538327977828897150909166778407659250458379645823062042492461576758526757490910073628008613977550546382774775570888130029763571528699574717583228939535960234464230882573615930384979100379102915657483866755371559811718767760594919456971354184113721":10:"1"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=2, 0 < A < B
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"866038481820754956434747145919120219639297294032193121047538021762345738166676571147513149114791725930190032967735626087327963892955396933002903664815184654712662526249110275464787876484571564289857507839177265358101598397874265844290169694":10:"11563076655955657794301818333556815318500916759291646124084984923153517053514981820147256017227955101092765549551141776260059527143057399149435166457879071920468928461765147231860769958200758205831314967733510743119623437535521189838913942708368227442":10:"2"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=2, 0 < B < A
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"11563076655955657794301818333556815318500916759291646124084984923153517053514981820147256017227955101092765549551141776260059527143057399149435166457879071920468928461765147231860769958200758205831314967733510743119623437535521189838913942708368227442":10:"866038481820754956434747145919120219639297294032193121047538021762345738166676571147513149114791725930190032967735626087327963892955396933002903664815184654712662526249110275464787876484571564289857507839177265358101598397874265844290169694":10:"2"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=3, 0 < A < B
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"1299057722731132434652120718878680329458945941048289681571307032643518607250014856721269723672187588895285049451603439130991945839433095399504355497222776982068993789373665413197181814726857346434786261758765898037152397596811398766435254541":10:"17344614983933486691452727500335222977751375138937469186127477384730275580272472730220884025841932651639148324326712664390089290714586098724152749686818607880703392692647720847791154937301137308746972451600266114679435156303281784758370914062552341163":10:"3"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=3, 0 < B < A
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"17344614983933486691452727500335222977751375138937469186127477384730275580272472730220884025841932651639148324326712664390089290714586098724152749686818607880703392692647720847791154937301137308746972451600266114679435156303281784758370914062552341163":10:"1299057722731132434652120718878680329458945941048289681571307032643518607250014856721269723672187588895285049451603439130991945839433095399504355497222776982068993789373665413197181814726857346434786261758765898037152397596811398766435254541":10:"3"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=4, 0 < A < B
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"1732076963641509912869494291838240439278594588064386242095076043524691476333353142295026298229583451860380065935471252174655927785910793866005807329630369309425325052498220550929575752969143128579715015678354530716203196795748531688580339388":10:"23126153311911315588603636667113630637001833518583292248169969846307034107029963640294512034455910202185531099102283552520119054286114798298870332915758143840937856923530294463721539916401516411662629935467021486239246875071042379677827885416736454884":10:"4"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=4, 0 < B < A
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"23126153311911315588603636667113630637001833518583292248169969846307034107029963640294512034455910202185531099102283552520119054286114798298870332915758143840937856923530294463721539916401516411662629935467021486239246875071042379677827885416736454884":10:"1732076963641509912869494291838240439278594588064386242095076043524691476333353142295026298229583451860380065935471252174655927785910793866005807329630369309425325052498220550929575752969143128579715015678354530716203196795748531688580339388":10:"4"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=6, 0 < A < B
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"2598115445462264869304241437757360658917891882096579363142614065287037214500029713442539447344375177790570098903206878261983891678866190799008710994445553964137987578747330826394363629453714692869572523517531796074304795193622797532870509082":10:"34689229967866973382905455000670445955502750277874938372254954769460551160544945460441768051683865303278296648653425328780178581429172197448305499373637215761406785385295441695582309874602274617493944903200532229358870312606563569516741828125104682326":10:"6"
+
+Test GCD: gcd=6, 0 < B < A
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"34689229967866973382905455000670445955502750277874938372254954769460551160544945460441768051683865303278296648653425328780178581429172197448305499373637215761406785385295441695582309874602274617493944903200532229358870312606563569516741828125104682326":10:"2598115445462264869304241437757360658917891882096579363142614065287037214500029713442539447344375177790570098903206878261983891678866190799008710994445553964137987578747330826394363629453714692869572523517531796074304795193622797532870509082":10:"6"
+
+Test GCD: 0 < A = B
+mbedtls_mpi_gcd:10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847":10:"433019240910377478217373572959560109819648647016096560523769010881172869083338285573756574557395862965095016483867813043663981946477698466501451832407592327356331263124555137732393938242285782144928753919588632679050799198937132922145084847"
+
 Base test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod #1
 mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:10:"3":10:"11":10:"4":0
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod #2
+Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod: mod 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:10:"3":10:"":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod: mod 0 (1 limb)
 mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:10:"3":10:"0":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod #3
+Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod: mod negative
 mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:10:"3":10:"-11":10:"4":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod #4
+Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod: 2^-1 mod 4
 mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:10:"2":10:"4":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
 
-Base test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod #5
+Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod: mod 1
 mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:10:"3":10:"1":10:"0":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
+Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod: 0 (null) ^-1
+mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:16:"":16:"11":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
+
+Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod: 0 (1 limb) ^-1
+mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:16:"00":16:"11":16:"":MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_NOT_ACCEPTABLE
+
 Test mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod #1
 mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod:16:"aa4df5cb14b4c31237f98bd1faf527c283c2d0f3eec89718664ba33f9762907c":16:"fffbbd660b94412ae61ead9c2906a344116e316a256fd387874c6c675b1d587d":16:"8d6a5c1d7adeae3e94b9bcd2c47e0d46e778bc8804a2cc25c02d775dc3d05b0c":0
 
@@ -964,6 +1609,9 @@
 Test bit getting (Larger and non-existing limb)
 mbedtls_mpi_get_bit:10:"49979687":500:0
 
+Test bit getting in 0 (null)
+mbedtls_mpi_get_bit:10:"":500:0
+
 Test bit getting (Value bit 24)
 mbedtls_mpi_get_bit:10:"49979687":24:0
 
@@ -982,6 +1630,12 @@
 Test bit set (Add above existing limbs with a 1)
 mbedtls_mpi_set_bit:10:"49979687":80:1:10:"1208925819614629224685863":0
 
+Test bit set (Add to 0 (null) with a 0)
+mbedtls_mpi_set_bit:16:"":65:0:16:"":0
+
+Test bit set (Add to 0 (null) with a 1)
+mbedtls_mpi_set_bit:16:"":65:1:16:"020000000000000000":0
+
 Test bit set (Bit index larger than 31 with a 0)
 mbedtls_mpi_set_bit:16:"FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF":32:0:16:"FFFFFFFEFFFFFFFF":0
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.function
index 5807984..360916a 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_mpi.function
@@ -6,6 +6,18 @@
 #define MPI_MAX_BITS_LARGER_THAN_792
 #endif
 
+/* Check the validity of the sign bit in an MPI object. Reject representations
+ * that are not supported by the rest of the library and indicate a bug when
+ * constructing the value. */
+static int sign_is_valid( const mbedtls_mpi *X )
+{
+    if( X->s != 1 && X->s != -1 )
+        return( 0 ); // invalid sign bit, e.g. 0
+    if( mbedtls_mpi_bitlen( X ) == 0 && X->s != 1 )
+        return( 0 ); // negative zero
+    return( 1 );
+}
+
 typedef struct mbedtls_test_mpi_random
 {
     data_t *data;
@@ -365,6 +377,7 @@
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == result_read );
     if( result_read == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_write_string( &X, radix_A, str, output_size, &len ) == result_write );
         if( result_write == 0 )
         {
@@ -389,6 +402,7 @@
 
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &X, buf->x, buf->len ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_write_string( &X, radix_A, str, sizeof( str ), &len ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( strcmp( (char *) str, input_A ) == 0 );
 
@@ -408,6 +422,7 @@
 
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary_le( &X, buf->x, buf->len ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_write_string( &X, radix_A, str, sizeof( str ), &len ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( strcmp( (char *) str, input_A ) == 0 );
 
@@ -429,7 +444,7 @@
 
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
     buflen = mbedtls_mpi_size( &X );
     if( buflen > (size_t) output_size )
@@ -461,7 +476,7 @@
 
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
     buflen = mbedtls_mpi_size( &X );
     if( buflen > (size_t) output_size )
@@ -502,6 +517,7 @@
 
     if( result == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
         buflen = mbedtls_mpi_size( &X );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_write_binary( &X, buf, buflen ) == 0 );
 
@@ -525,7 +541,7 @@
 
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
     file_out = fopen( output_file, "w" );
     TEST_ASSERT( file_out != NULL );
@@ -551,7 +567,7 @@
 {
     mbedtls_mpi X;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_get_bit( &X, pos ) == val );
 
 exit:
@@ -566,12 +582,13 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, output_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, output_Y ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_set_bit( &X, pos, val ) == result );
 
     if( result == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &Y ) == 0 );
     }
 
@@ -586,7 +603,7 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_lsb( &X ) == (size_t) nr_bits );
 
 exit:
@@ -600,7 +617,7 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_bitlen( &X ) == (size_t) nr_bits );
 
 exit:
@@ -615,10 +632,11 @@
     mbedtls_mpi A, X, Y, Z;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &A ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_gcd( &Z, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -647,8 +665,8 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &Y ) == input_A );
 
 exit:
@@ -666,8 +684,8 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, 16, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, 16, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, 16, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, 16, input_Y ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_grow( &X, size_X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_grow( &Y, size_Y ) == 0 );
@@ -688,8 +706,8 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_abs( &X, &Y ) == input_A );
 
 exit:
@@ -698,55 +716,125 @@
 /* END_CASE */
 
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mbedtls_mpi_copy_sint( int input_X, int input_Y )
+void mbedtls_mpi_copy( char *src_hex, char *dst_hex )
 {
-    mbedtls_mpi X, Y;
+    mbedtls_mpi src, dst, ref;
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &src );
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &dst );
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &ref );
+
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &src, 16, src_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ref, 16, dst_hex ) == 0 );
+
+    /* mbedtls_mpi_copy() */
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dst, 16, dst_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &dst, &src ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &dst ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &dst, &src ) == 0 );
+
+    /* mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign(), assignment done */
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &dst );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dst, 16, dst_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign( &dst, &src, 1 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &dst ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &dst, &src ) == 0 );
+
+    /* mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign(), assignment not done */
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &dst );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &dst, 16, dst_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign( &dst, &src, 0 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &dst ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &dst, &ref ) == 0 );
+
+exit:
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &src );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &dst );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &ref );
+}
+/* END_CASE */
+
+/* BEGIN_CASE */
+void mpi_copy_self( char *input_X )
+{
+    mbedtls_mpi X, A;
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
+
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, 16, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &X, &X ) == 0 );
+
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, 16, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
+
+exit:
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &A );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X );
+}
+/* END_CASE */
+
+/* BEGIN_CASE */
+void mbedtls_mpi_swap( char *X_hex, char *Y_hex )
+{
+    mbedtls_mpi X, Y, X0, Y0;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X0 ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_lset( &X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_lset( &Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X0, 16, X_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y0, 16, Y_hex ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &Y, &X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &Y, input_X ) == 0 );
+    /* mbedtls_mpi_swap() */
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X,  16, X_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y,  16, Y_hex ) == 0 );
+    mbedtls_mpi_swap( &X, &Y );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Y ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &Y0 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &X0 ) == 0 );
+
+    /* mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap(), swap done */
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X,  16, X_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y,  16, Y_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap( &X, &Y, 1 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Y ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &Y0 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &X0 ) == 0 );
+
+    /* mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap(), swap not done */
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X,  16, X_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y,  16, Y_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap( &X, &Y, 0 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Y ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &X0 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &Y0 ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
     mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X0 ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y0 );
 }
 /* END_CASE */
 
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mbedtls_mpi_copy_binary( data_t *input_X, data_t *input_Y )
+void mpi_swap_self( char *X_hex )
 {
-    mbedtls_mpi X, Y, X0;
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &X0 );
+    mbedtls_mpi X, X0;
+    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &X0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &X, input_X->x, input_X->len ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &Y, input_Y->x, input_Y->len ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &X0, input_X->x, input_X->len ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X,  16, X_hex ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X0, 16, X_hex ) == 0 );
+
+    mbedtls_mpi_swap( &X, &X );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &X0 ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &Y, &X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &X0 ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &X0 ) == 0 );
-
 exit:
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &X0 );
-}
-/* END_CASE */
-
-/* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mpi_copy_self( int input_X )
-{
-    mbedtls_mpi X;
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_lset( &X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &X, &X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &X, input_X ) == 0 );
-
-exit:
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X );
+    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &X0 );
 }
 /* END_CASE */
 
@@ -757,10 +845,14 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_grow( &X, before ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( used <= before );
-    memset( X.p, 0x2a, used * sizeof( mbedtls_mpi_uint ) );
+    if( used > 0 )
+    {
+        size_t used_bit_count = used * 8 * sizeof( mbedtls_mpi_uint );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_set_bit( &X, used_bit_count - 1, 1 ) == 0 );
+    }
+    TEST_EQUAL( X.n, (size_t) before );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_shrink( &X, min ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( X.n == (size_t) after );
+    TEST_EQUAL( X.n, (size_t) after );
 
 exit:
     mbedtls_mpi_free( &X );
@@ -768,139 +860,28 @@
 /* END_CASE */
 
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign( int x_sign, char * x_str, int y_sign,
-                                   char * y_str )
-{
-    mbedtls_mpi X, Y, XX;
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &XX );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, 16, x_str ) == 0 );
-    X.s = x_sign;
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, 16, y_str ) == 0 );
-    Y.s = y_sign;
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &XX, &X ) == 0 );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign( &X, &Y, 0 ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &XX ) == 0 );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_assign( &X, &Y, 1 ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &Y ) == 0 );
-
-exit:
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &XX );
-}
-/* END_CASE */
-
-/* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap( int x_sign, char * x_str, int y_sign,
-                                 char * y_str )
-{
-    mbedtls_mpi X, Y, XX, YY;
-
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &XX ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &YY );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, 16, x_str ) == 0 );
-    X.s = x_sign;
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, 16, y_str ) == 0 );
-    Y.s = y_sign;
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &XX, &X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_copy( &YY, &Y ) == 0 );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap( &X, &Y, 0 ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &XX ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &YY ) == 0 );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_safe_cond_swap( &X, &Y, 1 ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &XX ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &YY ) == 0 );
-
-exit:
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y );
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &XX ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &YY );
-}
-/* END_CASE */
-
-/* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mbedtls_mpi_swap_sint( int input_X, int input_Y )
-{
-    mbedtls_mpi X, Y;
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_lset( &X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_lset( &Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-
-    mbedtls_mpi_swap( &X, &Y );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &X, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &Y, input_X ) == 0 );
-
-exit:
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y );
-}
-/* END_CASE */
-
-/* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mbedtls_mpi_swap_binary( data_t *input_X, data_t *input_Y )
-{
-    mbedtls_mpi X, Y, X0, Y0;
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y );
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X0 ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y0 );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &X, input_X->x, input_X->len ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &Y, input_Y->x, input_Y->len ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &X0, input_X->x, input_X->len ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &Y0, input_Y->x, input_Y->len ) == 0 );
-
-    mbedtls_mpi_swap( &X, &Y );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &Y0 ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &X0 ) == 0 );
-
-exit:
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y );
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X0 ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &Y0 );
-}
-/* END_CASE */
-
-/* BEGIN_CASE */
-void mpi_swap_self( data_t *input_X )
-{
-    mbedtls_mpi X, X0;
-    mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &X0 );
-
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &X, input_X->x, input_X->len ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_binary( &X0, input_X->x, input_X->len ) == 0 );
-
-    mbedtls_mpi_swap( &X, &X );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &X0 ) == 0 );
-
-exit:
-    mbedtls_mpi_free( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_free( &X0 );
-}
-/* END_CASE */
-
-/* BEGIN_CASE */
 void mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi( int radix_X, char * input_X, int radix_Y,
                           char * input_Y, int radix_A, char * input_A )
 {
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y, Z, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi( &Z, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == first operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi( &X, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == second operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi( &Y, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Y ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -915,18 +896,21 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs( &X, &X, &X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &X, 0 ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_abs( &X, &X, &X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi( &X, &X, &X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -942,19 +926,22 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y, Z, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_abs( &Z, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == first operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_abs( &X, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == second operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_abs( &Y, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Y ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -969,9 +956,10 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Z, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_int( &Z, &X, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -986,19 +974,22 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y, Z, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi( &Z, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == first operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi( &X, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == second operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi( &Y, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Y ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -1015,23 +1006,26 @@
     int res;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
 
     res = mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs( &Z, &X, &Y );
     TEST_ASSERT( res == sub_result );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     if( res == 0 )
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == first operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs( &X, &X, &Y ) == sub_result );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     if( sub_result == 0 )
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
     /* result == second operand */
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs( &Y, &X, &Y ) == sub_result );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Y ) );
     if( sub_result == 0 )
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Y, &A ) == 0 );
 
@@ -1047,9 +1041,10 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Z, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_sub_int( &Z, &X, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -1064,10 +1059,11 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Y, Z, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi( &Z, &X, &Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -1083,9 +1079,10 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, Z, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_mul_int( &Z, &X, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
     if( strcmp( result_comparison, "==" ) == 0 )
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
     else if( strcmp( result_comparison, "!=" ) == 0 )
@@ -1108,14 +1105,16 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Q ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &R );
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &A ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &B );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &B, radix_B, input_B ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &B, radix_B, input_B ) == 0 );
     res = mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi( &Q, &R, &X, &Y );
     TEST_ASSERT( res == div_result );
     if( res == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Q ) );
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &R ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Q, &A ) == 0 );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &R, &B ) == 0 );
     }
@@ -1136,13 +1135,15 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Q ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &R ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &B );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &B, radix_B, input_B ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &B, radix_B, input_B ) == 0 );
     res = mbedtls_mpi_div_int( &Q, &R, &X, input_Y );
     TEST_ASSERT( res == div_result );
     if( res == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Q ) );
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &R ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Q, &A ) == 0 );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &R, &B ) == 0 );
     }
@@ -1162,13 +1163,14 @@
     int res;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     res = mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi( &X, &X, &Y );
     TEST_ASSERT( res == div_result );
     if( res == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
     }
 
@@ -1186,7 +1188,7 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_uint r;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     res = mbedtls_mpi_mod_int( &r, &X, input_Y );
     TEST_ASSERT( res == div_result );
     if( res == 0 )
@@ -1202,26 +1204,41 @@
 /* BEGIN_CASE */
 void mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod( int radix_A, char * input_A, int radix_E,
                           char * input_E, int radix_N, char * input_N,
-                          int radix_RR, char * input_RR, int radix_X,
-                          char * input_X, int div_result )
+                          int radix_X, char * input_X, int exp_result )
 {
     mbedtls_mpi A, E, N, RR, Z, X;
     int res;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &A  ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &E ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &N );
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &RR ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
 
-    if( strlen( input_RR ) )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &RR, radix_RR, input_RR ) == 0 );
-
-    res = mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod( &Z, &A, &E, &N, &RR );
-    TEST_ASSERT( res == div_result );
+    res = mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod( &Z, &A, &E, &N, NULL );
+    TEST_ASSERT( res == exp_result );
     if( res == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &X ) == 0 );
+    }
+
+    /* Now test again with the speed-up parameter supplied as an output. */
+    res = mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod( &Z, &A, &E, &N, &RR );
+    TEST_ASSERT( res == exp_result );
+    if( res == 0 )
+    {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &X ) == 0 );
+    }
+
+    /* Now test again with the speed-up parameter supplied in calculated form. */
+    res = mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod( &Z, &A, &E, &N, &RR );
+    TEST_ASSERT( res == exp_result );
+    if( res == 0 )
+    {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &X ) == 0 );
     }
 
@@ -1255,7 +1272,7 @@
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_set_bit( &N, 0, 1 ) == 0 );
 
     if( strlen( input_RR ) )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &RR, radix_RR, input_RR ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &RR, radix_RR, input_RR ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod( &Z, &A, &E, &N, &RR ) == exp_result );
 
@@ -1274,13 +1291,14 @@
     int res;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Y ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Z ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Y, radix_Y, input_Y ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     res = mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod( &Z, &X, &Y );
     TEST_ASSERT( res == div_result );
     if( res == 0 )
     {
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &Z ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &Z, &A ) == 0 );
     }
 
@@ -1296,7 +1314,7 @@
     int res;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
     res = mbedtls_mpi_is_prime_ext( &X, 40, mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand, NULL );
     TEST_ASSERT( res == div_result );
 
@@ -1356,6 +1374,7 @@
 
         TEST_ASSERT( actual_bits >= (size_t) bits );
         TEST_ASSERT( actual_bits <= (size_t) bits + 1 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
 
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_is_prime_ext( &X, 40,
                                                mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand,
@@ -1382,9 +1401,10 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_shift_l( &X, shift_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -1399,9 +1419,10 @@
     mbedtls_mpi X, A;
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &X ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &A );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &X, radix_X, input_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &A, radix_A, input_A ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_shift_r( &X, shift_X ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &X, &A ) == 0 );
 
 exit:
@@ -1443,6 +1464,7 @@
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_size( &X ) + leading_zeros ==
                      (size_t) wanted_bytes );
         TEST_ASSERT( (int) bytes_left == rng_bytes - wanted_bytes );
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &X ) );
     }
 
 exit:
@@ -1500,6 +1522,7 @@
         TEST_EQUAL( 0, mbedtls_mpi_random( &result, min, &upper_bound,
                                            mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand, NULL ) );
 
+        TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &result ) );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &result, &upper_bound ) < 0 );
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &result, min ) >= 0 );
         if( full_stats )
@@ -1581,6 +1604,7 @@
                                             bound_bytes->x, bound_bytes->len ) );
     TEST_EQUAL( 0, mbedtls_mpi_random( &result, min, &upper_bound,
                                        mbedtls_test_rnd_std_rand, NULL ) );
+    TEST_ASSERT( sign_is_valid( &result ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi( &result, &upper_bound ) < 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int( &result, min ) >= 0 );
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function
index bc469b6..a249ba2 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_pk.function
@@ -670,8 +670,8 @@
     rsa = mbedtls_pk_rsa( pk );
 
     rsa->len = mod / 8;
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &rsa->N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &rsa->E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &rsa->N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &rsa->E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
 
     if( mbedtls_md_info_from_type( digest ) != NULL )
@@ -713,8 +713,8 @@
     rsa = mbedtls_pk_rsa( pk );
 
     rsa->len = mod / 8;
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &rsa->N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &rsa->E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &rsa->N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &rsa->E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
 
     if( digest != MBEDTLS_MD_NONE )
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_pk_setup( &prv, mbedtls_pk_info_from_type( pk_type ) ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &mbedtls_pk_ec( prv )->grp, grp_id ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &mbedtls_pk_ec( prv )->d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &mbedtls_pk_ec( prv )->d, 16, d_str ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_pk_setup( &pub, mbedtls_pk_info_from_type( pk_type ) ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_ecp_group_load( &mbedtls_pk_ec( pub )->grp, grp_id ) == 0 );
@@ -985,8 +985,8 @@
     rsa = mbedtls_pk_rsa( pk );
 
     rsa->len = mod / 8;
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &rsa->N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &rsa->E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &rsa->N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &rsa->E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_pk_encrypt( &pk, message->x, message->len,
                             output, &olen, sizeof( output ),
@@ -1024,12 +1024,12 @@
     rsa = mbedtls_pk_rsa( pk );
 
     /* load public key */
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     /* load private key */
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( rsa, &N, &P, &Q, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( rsa ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_complete( rsa ) == 0 );
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function
index 9af6aec..d355340 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_pkcs1_v15.function
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
     mbedtls_rsa_init( &ctx, MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V15, hash );
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( ( mod + 7 ) / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_check_pubkey( &ctx ) == 0 );
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
     memset( &rnd_info, 0, sizeof( mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_info ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, &P, &Q, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( ( mod + 7 ) / 8 ) );
@@ -289,10 +289,10 @@
     memset( hash_result, 0x00, sizeof( hash_result ) );
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, &P, &Q, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( ( mod + 7 ) / 8 ) );
@@ -335,8 +335,8 @@
     mbedtls_rsa_init( &ctx, MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V15, hash );
     memset( hash_result, 0x00, sizeof( hash_result ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( ( mod + 7 ) / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_check_pubkey( &ctx ) == 0 );
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.data b/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.data
index 6f9406c..2da814d 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.data
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.data
@@ -389,12 +389,18 @@
 RSA Private (Data larger than N)
 mbedtls_rsa_private:"b38ac65c8141f7f5c96e14470e851936a67bf94cc6821a39ac12c05f7c0b06d9e6ddba2224703b02e25f31452f9c4a8417b62675fdc6df46b94813bc7b9769a892c482b830bfe0ad42e46668ace68903617faf6681f4babf1cc8e4b0420d3c7f61dc45434c6b54e2c3ee0fc07908509d79c9826e673bf8363255adb0add2401039a7bcd1b4ecf0fbe6ec8369d2da486eec59559dd1d54c9b24190965eafbdab203b35255765261cd0909acf93c3b8b8428cbb448de4715d1b813d0c94829c229543d391ce0adab5351f97a3810c1f73d7b1458b97daed4209c50e16d064d2d5bfda8c23893d755222793146d0a78c3d64f35549141486c3b0961a7b4c1a2034f":2048:16:"e79a373182bfaa722eb035f772ad2a9464bd842de59432c18bbab3a7dfeae318c9b915ee487861ab665a40bd6cda560152578e8579016c929df99fea05b4d64efca1d543850bc8164b40d71ed7f3fa4105df0fb9b9ad2a18ce182c8a4f4f975bea9aa0b9a1438a27a28e97ac8330ef37383414d1bd64607d6979ac050424fd17":16:"c6749cbb0db8c5a177672d4728a8b22392b2fc4d3b8361d5c0d5055a1b4e46d821f757c24eef2a51c561941b93b3ace7340074c058c9bb48e7e7414f42c41da4cccb5c2ba91deb30c586b7fb18af12a52995592ad139d3be429add6547e044becedaf31fa3b39421e24ee034fbf367d11f6b8f88ee483d163b431e1654ad3e89":16:"b38ac65c8141f7f5c96e14470e851936a67bf94cc6821a39ac12c05f7c0b06d9e6ddba2224703b02e25f31452f9c4a8417b62675fdc6df46b94813bc7b9769a892c482b830bfe0ad42e46668ace68903617faf6681f4babf1cc8e4b0420d3c7f61dc45434c6b54e2c3ee0fc07908509d79c9826e673bf8363255adb0add2401039a7bcd1b4ecf0fbe6ec8369d2da486eec59559dd1d54c9b24190965eafbdab203b35255765261cd0909acf93c3b8b8428cbb448de4715d1b813d0c94829c229543d391ce0adab5351f97a3810c1f73d7b1458b97daed4209c50e16d064d2d5bfda8c23893d755222793146d0a78c3d64f35549141486c3b0961a7b4c1a2034f":16:"3":"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":MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_PRIVATE_FAILED + MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
+RSA Private (Data = 0 )
+mbedtls_rsa_private:"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000":2048:16:"e79a373182bfaa722eb035f772ad2a9464bd842de59432c18bbab3a7dfeae318c9b915ee487861ab665a40bd6cda560152578e8579016c929df99fea05b4d64efca1d543850bc8164b40d71ed7f3fa4105df0fb9b9ad2a18ce182c8a4f4f975bea9aa0b9a1438a27a28e97ac8330ef37383414d1bd64607d6979ac050424fd17":16:"c6749cbb0db8c5a177672d4728a8b22392b2fc4d3b8361d5c0d5055a1b4e46d821f757c24eef2a51c561941b93b3ace7340074c058c9bb48e7e7414f42c41da4cccb5c2ba91deb30c586b7fb18af12a52995592ad139d3be429add6547e044becedaf31fa3b39421e24ee034fbf367d11f6b8f88ee483d163b431e1654ad3e89":16:"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":16:"3":"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000":0
+
 RSA Public (Correct)
 mbedtls_rsa_public:"59779fd2a39e56640c4fc1e67b60aeffcecd78aed7ad2bdfa464e93d04198d48466b8da7445f25bfa19db2844edd5c8f539cf772cc132b483169d390db28a43bc4ee0f038f6568ffc87447746cb72fefac2d6d90ee3143a915ac4688028805905a68eb8f8a96674b093c495eddd8704461eaa2b345efbb2ad6930acd8023f8700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000":2048:16:"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":16:"3":"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":0
 
 RSA Public (Data larger than N)
 mbedtls_rsa_public:"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":2048:16:"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":16:"3":"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":MBEDTLS_ERR_RSA_PUBLIC_FAILED + MBEDTLS_ERR_MPI_BAD_INPUT_DATA
 
+RSA Public (Data = 0)
+mbedtls_rsa_public:"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000":2048:16:"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":16:"3":"00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000":0
+
 RSA Generate Key - 128bit key
 mbedtls_rsa_gen_key:128:3:0
 
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function
index d3d016d..2d7fb8e 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_rsa.function
@@ -532,10 +532,10 @@
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
     memset( &rnd_info, 0, sizeof( mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_info ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, &P, &Q, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
@@ -578,8 +578,8 @@
     mbedtls_rsa_init( &ctx, padding_mode, 0 );
     memset( hash_result, 0x00, sizeof( hash_result ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_check_pubkey( &ctx ) == 0 );
@@ -616,10 +616,10 @@
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
     memset( &rnd_info, 0, sizeof( mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_info ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, &P, &Q, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
@@ -687,8 +687,8 @@
     mbedtls_rsa_init( &ctx, padding_mode, 0 );
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
@@ -751,8 +751,8 @@
     mbedtls_rsa_init( &ctx, padding_mode, 0 );
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
@@ -792,8 +792,8 @@
     mbedtls_rsa_init( &ctx, padding_mode, 0 );
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
@@ -840,10 +840,10 @@
     memset( &rnd_info, 0, sizeof( mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_info ) );
 
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, &P, &Q, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
@@ -886,14 +886,16 @@
     mbedtls_rsa_init( &ctx2, MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V15, 0 );
     memset( output, 0x00, sizeof( output ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
+
+    /* Check test data consistency */
+    TEST_ASSERT( message_str->len == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_check_pubkey( &ctx ) == 0 );
 
-
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_public( &ctx, message_str->x, output ) == result );
     if( result == 0 )
     {
@@ -945,17 +947,19 @@
 
     memset( &rnd_info, 0, sizeof( mbedtls_test_rnd_pseudo_info ) );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, &P, &Q, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
+
+    /* Check test data consistency */
+    TEST_ASSERT( message_str->len == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_get_len( &ctx ) == (size_t) ( mod / 8 ) );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_complete( &ctx ) == 0 );
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_check_privkey( &ctx ) == 0 );
 
-
     /* repeat three times to test updating of blinding values */
     for( i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
     {
@@ -1021,11 +1025,11 @@
 
     if( strlen( input_N ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_E ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
     }
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx, &N, NULL, NULL, NULL, &E ) == 0 );
@@ -1053,36 +1057,36 @@
     ctx.len = mod / 8;
     if( strlen( input_P ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_Q ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_N ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_E ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_D ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
     }
 #if !defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_NO_CRT)
     if( strlen( input_DP ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.DP, radix_DP, input_DP ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.DP, radix_DP, input_DP ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_DQ ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.DQ, radix_DQ, input_DQ ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.DQ, radix_DQ, input_DQ ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_QP ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &ctx.QP, radix_QP, input_QP ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &ctx.QP, radix_QP, input_QP ) == 0 );
     }
 #else
     ((void) radix_DP); ((void) input_DP);
@@ -1117,45 +1121,45 @@
 
     if( strlen( input_Npub ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &pub.N, radix_Npub, input_Npub ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &pub.N, radix_Npub, input_Npub ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_Epub ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &pub.E, radix_Epub, input_Epub ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &pub.E, radix_Epub, input_Epub ) == 0 );
     }
 
     if( strlen( input_P ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_Q ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_N ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_E ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_D ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
     }
 #if !defined(MBEDTLS_RSA_NO_CRT)
     if( strlen( input_DP ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.DP, radix_DP, input_DP ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.DP, radix_DP, input_DP ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_DQ ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.DQ, radix_DQ, input_DQ ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.DQ, radix_DQ, input_DQ ) == 0 );
     }
     if( strlen( input_QP ) )
     {
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &prv.QP, radix_QP, input_QP ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &prv.QP, radix_QP, input_QP ) == 0 );
     }
 #else
     ((void) radix_DP); ((void) input_DP);
@@ -1216,11 +1220,11 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &Pp ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Qp );
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &D ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &E );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Qp, radix_P, output_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Pp, radix_Q, output_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Qp, radix_P, output_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Pp, radix_Q, output_Q ) == 0 );
 
     if( corrupt )
         TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_add_int( &D, &D, 2 ) == 0 );
@@ -1257,10 +1261,10 @@
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &E );
     mbedtls_mpi_init( &R ); mbedtls_mpi_init( &Rp );
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Dp, radix_D, output_D ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Dp, radix_D, output_D ) == 0 );
 
     if( corrupt )
     {
@@ -1343,19 +1347,19 @@
                                 (const unsigned char *) pers, strlen( pers ) ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_N )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_P )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_Q )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_D )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_E )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     if( !successive )
     {
@@ -1487,19 +1491,19 @@
     /* Setup RSA context */
 
     if( have_N )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_P )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_Q )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_D )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_E )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_import( &ctx,
                                      strlen( input_N ) ? &N : NULL,
@@ -1607,19 +1611,19 @@
                                         strlen( pers ) ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_N )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &N, radix_N, input_N ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_P )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &P, radix_P, input_P ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_Q )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &Q, radix_Q, input_Q ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_D )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &D, radix_D, input_D ) == 0 );
 
     if( have_E )
-        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
+        TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &E, radix_E, input_E ) == 0 );
 
     TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_rsa_validate_params( have_N ? &N : NULL,
                                         have_P ? &P : NULL,
diff --git a/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function b/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function
index 59ea17b..ce475e6 100644
--- a/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function
+++ b/tests/suites/test_suite_x509write.function
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
     (void) rsa_alt;
 #endif
 
-    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_mpi_read_string( &serial, 10, serial_str ) == 0 );
+    TEST_ASSERT( mbedtls_test_read_mpi( &serial, 10, serial_str ) == 0 );
 
     if( ver != -1 )
         mbedtls_x509write_crt_set_version( &crt, ver );