diff --git a/fs/jbd2/commit.c b/fs/jbd2/commit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..150cc03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/jbd2/commit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1129 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+/*
+ * linux/fs/jbd2/commit.c
+ *
+ * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1998
+ *
+ * Copyright 1998 Red Hat corp --- All Rights Reserved
+ *
+ * Journal commit routines for the generic filesystem journaling code;
+ * part of the ext2fs journaling system.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/jbd2.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/crc32.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/bitops.h>
+#include <trace/events/jbd2.h>
+
+/*
+ * IO end handler for temporary buffer_heads handling writes to the journal.
+ */
+static void journal_end_buffer_io_sync(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *orig_bh = bh->b_private;
+
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "");
+	if (uptodate)
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	else
+		clear_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	if (orig_bh) {
+		clear_bit_unlock(BH_Shadow, &orig_bh->b_state);
+		smp_mb__after_atomic();
+		wake_up_bit(&orig_bh->b_state, BH_Shadow);
+	}
+	unlock_buffer(bh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * When an ext4 file is truncated, it is possible that some pages are not
+ * successfully freed, because they are attached to a committing transaction.
+ * After the transaction commits, these pages are left on the LRU, with no
+ * ->mapping, and with attached buffers.  These pages are trivially reclaimable
+ * by the VM, but their apparent absence upsets the VM accounting, and it makes
+ * the numbers in /proc/meminfo look odd.
+ *
+ * So here, we have a buffer which has just come off the forget list.  Look to
+ * see if we can strip all buffers from the backing page.
+ *
+ * Called under lock_journal(), and possibly under journal_datalist_lock.  The
+ * caller provided us with a ref against the buffer, and we drop that here.
+ */
+static void release_buffer_page(struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	struct page *page;
+
+	if (buffer_dirty(bh))
+		goto nope;
+	if (atomic_read(&bh->b_count) != 1)
+		goto nope;
+	page = bh->b_page;
+	if (!page)
+		goto nope;
+	if (page->mapping)
+		goto nope;
+
+	/* OK, it's a truncated page */
+	if (!trylock_page(page))
+		goto nope;
+
+	get_page(page);
+	__brelse(bh);
+	try_to_free_buffers(page);
+	unlock_page(page);
+	put_page(page);
+	return;
+
+nope:
+	__brelse(bh);
+}
+
+static void jbd2_commit_block_csum_set(journal_t *j, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	struct commit_header *h;
+	__u32 csum;
+
+	if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(j))
+		return;
+
+	h = (struct commit_header *)(bh->b_data);
+	h->h_chksum_type = 0;
+	h->h_chksum_size = 0;
+	h->h_chksum[0] = 0;
+	csum = jbd2_chksum(j, j->j_csum_seed, bh->b_data, j->j_blocksize);
+	h->h_chksum[0] = cpu_to_be32(csum);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Done it all: now submit the commit record.  We should have
+ * cleaned up our previous buffers by now, so if we are in abort
+ * mode we can now just skip the rest of the journal write
+ * entirely.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the journal needs to be aborted or 0 on success
+ */
+static int journal_submit_commit_record(journal_t *journal,
+					transaction_t *commit_transaction,
+					struct buffer_head **cbh,
+					__u32 crc32_sum)
+{
+	struct commit_header *tmp;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int ret;
+	struct timespec64 now;
+
+	*cbh = NULL;
+
+	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
+		return 0;
+
+	bh = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(commit_transaction,
+						JBD2_COMMIT_BLOCK);
+	if (!bh)
+		return 1;
+
+	tmp = (struct commit_header *)bh->b_data;
+	ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64(&now);
+	tmp->h_commit_sec = cpu_to_be64(now.tv_sec);
+	tmp->h_commit_nsec = cpu_to_be32(now.tv_nsec);
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_checksum(journal)) {
+		tmp->h_chksum_type 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM;
+		tmp->h_chksum_size 	= JBD2_CRC32_CHKSUM_SIZE;
+		tmp->h_chksum[0] 	= cpu_to_be32(crc32_sum);
+	}
+	jbd2_commit_block_csum_set(journal, bh);
+
+	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "submit commit block");
+	lock_buffer(bh);
+	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
+	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
+
+	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER &&
+	    !jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal))
+		ret = submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE,
+			REQ_SYNC | REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA, bh);
+	else
+		ret = submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE, REQ_SYNC, bh);
+
+	*cbh = bh;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function along with journal_submit_commit_record
+ * allows to write the commit record asynchronously.
+ */
+static int journal_wait_on_commit_record(journal_t *journal,
+					 struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
+	wait_on_buffer(bh);
+
+	if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
+		ret = -EIO;
+	put_bh(bh);            /* One for getblk() */
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write the filemap data using writepage() address_space_operations.
+ * We don't do block allocation here even for delalloc. We don't
+ * use writepages() because with dealyed allocation we may be doing
+ * block allocation in writepages().
+ */
+static int journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {
+		.sync_mode =  WB_SYNC_ALL,
+		.nr_to_write = mapping->nrpages * 2,
+		.range_start = 0,
+		.range_end = i_size_read(mapping->host),
+	};
+
+	ret = generic_writepages(mapping, &wbc);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Submit all the data buffers of inode associated with the transaction to
+ * disk.
+ *
+ * We are in a committing transaction. Therefore no new inode can be added to
+ * our inode list. We use JI_COMMIT_RUNNING flag to protect inode we currently
+ * operate on from being released while we write out pages.
+ */
+static int journal_submit_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
+		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
+{
+	struct jbd2_inode *jinode;
+	int err, ret = 0;
+	struct address_space *mapping;
+
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
+		if (!(jinode->i_flags & JI_WRITE_DATA))
+			continue;
+		mapping = jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping;
+		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
+		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		/*
+		 * submit the inode data buffers. We use writepage
+		 * instead of writepages. Because writepages can do
+		 * block allocation  with delalloc. We need to write
+		 * only allocated blocks here.
+		 */
+		trace_jbd2_submit_inode_data(jinode->i_vfs_inode);
+		err = journal_submit_inode_data_buffers(mapping);
+		if (!ret)
+			ret = err;
+		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		J_ASSERT(jinode->i_transaction == commit_transaction);
+		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
+		smp_mb();
+		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for data submitted for writeout, refile inodes to proper
+ * transaction if needed.
+ *
+ */
+static int journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal_t *journal,
+		transaction_t *commit_transaction)
+{
+	struct jbd2_inode *jinode, *next_i;
+	int err, ret = 0;
+
+	/* For locking, see the comment in journal_submit_data_buffers() */
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(jinode, &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
+		if (!(jinode->i_flags & JI_WAIT_DATA))
+			continue;
+		jinode->i_flags |= JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
+		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		err = filemap_fdatawait_keep_errors(
+				jinode->i_vfs_inode->i_mapping);
+		if (!ret)
+			ret = err;
+		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		jinode->i_flags &= ~JI_COMMIT_RUNNING;
+		smp_mb();
+		wake_up_bit(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
+	}
+
+	/* Now refile inode to proper lists */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(jinode, next_i,
+				 &commit_transaction->t_inode_list, i_list) {
+		list_del(&jinode->i_list);
+		if (jinode->i_next_transaction) {
+			jinode->i_transaction = jinode->i_next_transaction;
+			jinode->i_next_transaction = NULL;
+			list_add(&jinode->i_list,
+				&jinode->i_transaction->t_inode_list);
+		} else {
+			jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static __u32 jbd2_checksum_data(__u32 crc32_sum, struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+	struct page *page = bh->b_page;
+	char *addr;
+	__u32 checksum;
+
+	addr = kmap_atomic(page);
+	checksum = crc32_be(crc32_sum,
+		(void *)(addr + offset_in_page(bh->b_data)), bh->b_size);
+	kunmap_atomic(addr);
+
+	return checksum;
+}
+
+static void write_tag_block(journal_t *j, journal_block_tag_t *tag,
+				   unsigned long long block)
+{
+	tag->t_blocknr = cpu_to_be32(block & (u32)~0);
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_64bit(j))
+		tag->t_blocknr_high = cpu_to_be32((block >> 31) >> 1);
+}
+
+static void jbd2_block_tag_csum_set(journal_t *j, journal_block_tag_t *tag,
+				    struct buffer_head *bh, __u32 sequence)
+{
+	journal_block_tag3_t *tag3 = (journal_block_tag3_t *)tag;
+	struct page *page = bh->b_page;
+	__u8 *addr;
+	__u32 csum32;
+	__be32 seq;
+
+	if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(j))
+		return;
+
+	seq = cpu_to_be32(sequence);
+	addr = kmap_atomic(page);
+	csum32 = jbd2_chksum(j, j->j_csum_seed, (__u8 *)&seq, sizeof(seq));
+	csum32 = jbd2_chksum(j, csum32, addr + offset_in_page(bh->b_data),
+			     bh->b_size);
+	kunmap_atomic(addr);
+
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_csum3(j))
+		tag3->t_checksum = cpu_to_be32(csum32);
+	else
+		tag->t_checksum = cpu_to_be16(csum32);
+}
+/*
+ * jbd2_journal_commit_transaction
+ *
+ * The primary function for committing a transaction to the log.  This
+ * function is called by the journal thread to begin a complete commit.
+ */
+void jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal_t *journal)
+{
+	struct transaction_stats_s stats;
+	transaction_t *commit_transaction;
+	struct journal_head *jh;
+	struct buffer_head *descriptor;
+	struct buffer_head **wbuf = journal->j_wbuf;
+	int bufs;
+	int flags;
+	int err;
+	unsigned long long blocknr;
+	ktime_t start_time;
+	u64 commit_time;
+	char *tagp = NULL;
+	journal_block_tag_t *tag = NULL;
+	int space_left = 0;
+	int first_tag = 0;
+	int tag_flag;
+	int i;
+	int tag_bytes = journal_tag_bytes(journal);
+	struct buffer_head *cbh = NULL; /* For transactional checksums */
+	__u32 crc32_sum = ~0;
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+	/* Tail of the journal */
+	unsigned long first_block;
+	tid_t first_tid;
+	int update_tail;
+	int csum_size = 0;
+	LIST_HEAD(io_bufs);
+	LIST_HEAD(log_bufs);
+
+	if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(journal))
+		csum_size = sizeof(struct jbd2_journal_block_tail);
+
+	/*
+	 * First job: lock down the current transaction and wait for
+	 * all outstanding updates to complete.
+	 */
+
+	/* Do we need to erase the effects of a prior jbd2_journal_flush? */
+	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_FLUSHED) {
+		jbd_debug(3, "super block updated\n");
+		mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+		/*
+		 * We hold j_checkpoint_mutex so tail cannot change under us.
+		 * We don't need any special data guarantees for writing sb
+		 * since journal is empty and it is ok for write to be
+		 * flushed only with transaction commit.
+		 */
+		jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal,
+						journal->j_tail_sequence,
+						journal->j_tail,
+						REQ_SYNC);
+		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
+	} else {
+		jbd_debug(3, "superblock not updated\n");
+	}
+
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_running_transaction != NULL);
+	J_ASSERT(journal->j_committing_transaction == NULL);
+
+	commit_transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
+
+	trace_jbd2_start_commit(journal, commit_transaction);
+	jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: starting commit of transaction %d\n",
+			commit_transaction->t_tid);
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_RUNNING);
+	commit_transaction->t_state = T_LOCKED;
+
+	trace_jbd2_commit_locking(journal, commit_transaction);
+	stats.run.rs_wait = commit_transaction->t_max_wait;
+	stats.run.rs_request_delay = 0;
+	stats.run.rs_locked = jiffies;
+	if (commit_transaction->t_requested)
+		stats.run.rs_request_delay =
+			jbd2_time_diff(commit_transaction->t_requested,
+				       stats.run.rs_locked);
+	stats.run.rs_running = jbd2_time_diff(commit_transaction->t_start,
+					      stats.run.rs_locked);
+
+	spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
+	while (atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_updates)) {
+		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+		prepare_to_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait,
+					TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+		if (atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_updates)) {
+			spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
+			write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+			schedule();
+			write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+			spin_lock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
+		}
+		finish_wait(&journal->j_wait_updates, &wait);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&commit_transaction->t_handle_lock);
+
+	J_ASSERT (atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits) <=
+			journal->j_max_transaction_buffers);
+
+	/*
+	 * First thing we are allowed to do is to discard any remaining
+	 * BJ_Reserved buffers.  Note, it is _not_ permissible to assume
+	 * that there are no such buffers: if a large filesystem
+	 * operation like a truncate needs to split itself over multiple
+	 * transactions, then it may try to do a jbd2_journal_restart() while
+	 * there are still BJ_Reserved buffers outstanding.  These must
+	 * be released cleanly from the current transaction.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, the filesystem must still reserve write access
+	 * again before modifying the buffer in the new transaction, but
+	 * we do not require it to remember exactly which old buffers it
+	 * has reserved.  This is consistent with the existing behaviour
+	 * that multiple jbd2_journal_get_write_access() calls to the same
+	 * buffer are perfectly permissible.
+	 */
+	while (commit_transaction->t_reserved_list) {
+		jh = commit_transaction->t_reserved_list;
+		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "reserved, unused: refile");
+		/*
+		 * A jbd2_journal_get_undo_access()+jbd2_journal_release_buffer() may
+		 * leave undo-committed data.
+		 */
+		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
+			struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);
+
+			jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
+			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
+			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
+			jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
+		}
+		jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now try to drop any written-back buffers from the journal's
+	 * checkpoint lists.  We do this *before* commit because it potentially
+	 * frees some memory
+	 */
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	__jbd2_journal_clean_checkpoint_list(journal, false);
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 1\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear revoked flag to reflect there is no revoked buffers
+	 * in the next transaction which is going to be started.
+	 */
+	jbd2_clear_buffer_revoked_flags(journal);
+
+	/*
+	 * Switch to a new revoke table.
+	 */
+	jbd2_journal_switch_revoke_table(journal);
+
+	/*
+	 * Reserved credits cannot be claimed anymore, free them
+	 */
+	atomic_sub(atomic_read(&journal->j_reserved_credits),
+		   &commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);
+
+	trace_jbd2_commit_flushing(journal, commit_transaction);
+	stats.run.rs_flushing = jiffies;
+	stats.run.rs_locked = jbd2_time_diff(stats.run.rs_locked,
+					     stats.run.rs_flushing);
+
+	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FLUSH;
+	journal->j_committing_transaction = commit_transaction;
+	journal->j_running_transaction = NULL;
+	start_time = ktime_get();
+	commit_transaction->t_log_start = journal->j_head;
+	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_transaction_locked);
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 2a\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Now start flushing things to disk, in the order they appear
+	 * on the transaction lists.  Data blocks go first.
+	 */
+	err = journal_submit_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
+	if (err)
+		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
+
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	jbd2_journal_write_revoke_records(commit_transaction, &log_bufs);
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 2b\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Way to go: we have now written out all of the data for a
+	 * transaction!  Now comes the tricky part: we need to write out
+	 * metadata.  Loop over the transaction's entire buffer list:
+	 */
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	trace_jbd2_commit_logging(journal, commit_transaction);
+	stats.run.rs_logging = jiffies;
+	stats.run.rs_flushing = jbd2_time_diff(stats.run.rs_flushing,
+					       stats.run.rs_logging);
+	stats.run.rs_blocks =
+		atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);
+	stats.run.rs_blocks_logged = 0;
+
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_nr_buffers <=
+		 atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits));
+
+	err = 0;
+	bufs = 0;
+	descriptor = NULL;
+	while (commit_transaction->t_buffers) {
+
+		/* Find the next buffer to be journaled... */
+
+		jh = commit_transaction->t_buffers;
+
+		/* If we're in abort mode, we just un-journal the buffer and
+		   release it. */
+
+		if (is_journal_aborted(journal)) {
+			clear_buffer_jbddirty(jh2bh(jh));
+			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "journal is aborting: refile");
+			jbd2_buffer_abort_trigger(jh,
+						  jh->b_frozen_data ?
+						  jh->b_frozen_triggers :
+						  jh->b_triggers);
+			jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(journal, jh);
+			/* If that was the last one, we need to clean up
+			 * any descriptor buffers which may have been
+			 * already allocated, even if we are now
+			 * aborting. */
+			if (!commit_transaction->t_buffers)
+				goto start_journal_io;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Make sure we have a descriptor block in which to
+		   record the metadata buffer. */
+
+		if (!descriptor) {
+			J_ASSERT (bufs == 0);
+
+			jbd_debug(4, "JBD2: get descriptor\n");
+
+			descriptor = jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(
+							commit_transaction,
+							JBD2_DESCRIPTOR_BLOCK);
+			if (!descriptor) {
+				jbd2_journal_abort(journal, -EIO);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			jbd_debug(4, "JBD2: got buffer %llu (%p)\n",
+				(unsigned long long)descriptor->b_blocknr,
+				descriptor->b_data);
+			tagp = &descriptor->b_data[sizeof(journal_header_t)];
+			space_left = descriptor->b_size -
+						sizeof(journal_header_t);
+			first_tag = 1;
+			set_buffer_jwrite(descriptor);
+			set_buffer_dirty(descriptor);
+			wbuf[bufs++] = descriptor;
+
+			/* Record it so that we can wait for IO
+                           completion later */
+			BUFFER_TRACE(descriptor, "ph3: file as descriptor");
+			jbd2_file_log_bh(&log_bufs, descriptor);
+		}
+
+		/* Where is the buffer to be written? */
+
+		err = jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal, &blocknr);
+		/* If the block mapping failed, just abandon the buffer
+		   and repeat this loop: we'll fall into the
+		   refile-on-abort condition above. */
+		if (err) {
+			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * start_this_handle() uses t_outstanding_credits to determine
+		 * the free space in the log, but this counter is changed
+		 * by jbd2_journal_next_log_block() also.
+		 */
+		atomic_dec(&commit_transaction->t_outstanding_credits);
+
+		/* Bump b_count to prevent truncate from stumbling over
+                   the shadowed buffer!  @@@ This can go if we ever get
+                   rid of the shadow pairing of buffers. */
+		atomic_inc(&jh2bh(jh)->b_count);
+
+		/*
+		 * Make a temporary IO buffer with which to write it out
+		 * (this will requeue the metadata buffer to BJ_Shadow).
+		 */
+		set_bit(BH_JWrite, &jh2bh(jh)->b_state);
+		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "ph3: write metadata");
+		flags = jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer(commit_transaction,
+						jh, &wbuf[bufs], blocknr);
+		if (flags < 0) {
+			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, flags);
+			continue;
+		}
+		jbd2_file_log_bh(&io_bufs, wbuf[bufs]);
+
+		/* Record the new block's tag in the current descriptor
+                   buffer */
+
+		tag_flag = 0;
+		if (flags & 1)
+			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_ESCAPE;
+		if (!first_tag)
+			tag_flag |= JBD2_FLAG_SAME_UUID;
+
+		tag = (journal_block_tag_t *) tagp;
+		write_tag_block(journal, tag, jh2bh(jh)->b_blocknr);
+		tag->t_flags = cpu_to_be16(tag_flag);
+		jbd2_block_tag_csum_set(journal, tag, wbuf[bufs],
+					commit_transaction->t_tid);
+		tagp += tag_bytes;
+		space_left -= tag_bytes;
+		bufs++;
+
+		if (first_tag) {
+			memcpy (tagp, journal->j_uuid, 16);
+			tagp += 16;
+			space_left -= 16;
+			first_tag = 0;
+		}
+
+		/* If there's no more to do, or if the descriptor is full,
+		   let the IO rip! */
+
+		if (bufs == journal->j_wbufsize ||
+		    commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL ||
+		    space_left < tag_bytes + 16 + csum_size) {
+
+			jbd_debug(4, "JBD2: Submit %d IOs\n", bufs);
+
+			/* Write an end-of-descriptor marker before
+                           submitting the IOs.  "tag" still points to
+                           the last tag we set up. */
+
+			tag->t_flags |= cpu_to_be16(JBD2_FLAG_LAST_TAG);
+
+			jbd2_descriptor_block_csum_set(journal, descriptor);
+start_journal_io:
+			for (i = 0; i < bufs; i++) {
+				struct buffer_head *bh = wbuf[i];
+				/*
+				 * Compute checksum.
+				 */
+				if (jbd2_has_feature_checksum(journal)) {
+					crc32_sum =
+					    jbd2_checksum_data(crc32_sum, bh);
+				}
+
+				lock_buffer(bh);
+				clear_buffer_dirty(bh);
+				set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+				bh->b_end_io = journal_end_buffer_io_sync;
+				submit_bh(REQ_OP_WRITE, REQ_SYNC, bh);
+			}
+			cond_resched();
+			stats.run.rs_blocks_logged += bufs;
+
+			/* Force a new descriptor to be generated next
+                           time round the loop. */
+			descriptor = NULL;
+			bufs = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = journal_finish_inode_data_buffers(journal, commit_transaction);
+	if (err) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING
+			"JBD2: Detected IO errors while flushing file data "
+		       "on %s\n", journal->j_devname);
+		if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT_ON_SYNCDATA_ERR)
+			jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Get current oldest transaction in the log before we issue flush
+	 * to the filesystem device. After the flush we can be sure that
+	 * blocks of all older transactions are checkpointed to persistent
+	 * storage and we will be safe to update journal start in the
+	 * superblock with the numbers we get here.
+	 */
+	update_tail =
+		jbd2_journal_get_log_tail(journal, &first_tid, &first_block);
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	if (update_tail) {
+		long freed = first_block - journal->j_tail;
+
+		if (first_block < journal->j_tail)
+			freed += journal->j_last - journal->j_first;
+		/* Update tail only if we free significant amount of space */
+		if (freed < journal->j_maxlen / 4)
+			update_tail = 0;
+	}
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT);
+	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT_DFLUSH;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	/* 
+	 * If the journal is not located on the file system device,
+	 * then we must flush the file system device before we issue
+	 * the commit record
+	 */
+	if (commit_transaction->t_need_data_flush &&
+	    (journal->j_fs_dev != journal->j_dev) &&
+	    (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER))
+		blkdev_issue_flush(journal->j_fs_dev, GFP_NOFS, NULL);
+
+	/* Done it all: now write the commit record asynchronously. */
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal)) {
+		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
+						 &cbh, crc32_sum);
+		if (err)
+			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
+	}
+
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+
+	/* Lo and behold: we have just managed to send a transaction to
+           the log.  Before we can commit it, wait for the IO so far to
+           complete.  Control buffers being written are on the
+           transaction's t_log_list queue, and metadata buffers are on
+           the io_bufs list.
+
+	   Wait for the buffers in reverse order.  That way we are
+	   less likely to be woken up until all IOs have completed, and
+	   so we incur less scheduling load.
+	*/
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 3\n");
+
+	while (!list_empty(&io_bufs)) {
+		struct buffer_head *bh = list_entry(io_bufs.prev,
+						    struct buffer_head,
+						    b_assoc_buffers);
+
+		wait_on_buffer(bh);
+		cond_resched();
+
+		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
+			err = -EIO;
+		jbd2_unfile_log_bh(bh);
+
+		/*
+		 * The list contains temporary buffer heads created by
+		 * jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer().
+		 */
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "dumping temporary bh");
+		__brelse(bh);
+		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, atomic_read(&bh->b_count) == 0);
+		free_buffer_head(bh);
+
+		/* We also have to refile the corresponding shadowed buffer */
+		jh = commit_transaction->t_shadow_list->b_tprev;
+		bh = jh2bh(jh);
+		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
+		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_jbddirty(bh));
+		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, !buffer_shadow(bh));
+
+		/* The metadata is now released for reuse, but we need
+                   to remember it against this transaction so that when
+                   we finally commit, we can do any checkpointing
+                   required. */
+		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "file as BJ_Forget");
+		jbd2_journal_file_buffer(jh, commit_transaction, BJ_Forget);
+		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "brelse shadowed buffer");
+		__brelse(bh);
+	}
+
+	J_ASSERT (commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 4\n");
+
+	/* Here we wait for the revoke record and descriptor record buffers */
+	while (!list_empty(&log_bufs)) {
+		struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+		bh = list_entry(log_bufs.prev, struct buffer_head, b_assoc_buffers);
+		wait_on_buffer(bh);
+		cond_resched();
+
+		if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(bh)))
+			err = -EIO;
+
+		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "ph5: control buffer writeout done: unfile");
+		clear_buffer_jwrite(bh);
+		jbd2_unfile_log_bh(bh);
+		__brelse(bh);		/* One for getblk */
+		/* AKPM: bforget here */
+	}
+
+	if (err)
+		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 5\n");
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT_DFLUSH);
+	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT_JFLUSH;
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	if (!jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal)) {
+		err = journal_submit_commit_record(journal, commit_transaction,
+						&cbh, crc32_sum);
+		if (err)
+			__jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);
+	}
+	if (cbh)
+		err = journal_wait_on_commit_record(journal, cbh);
+	if (jbd2_has_feature_async_commit(journal) &&
+	    journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER) {
+		blkdev_issue_flush(journal->j_dev, GFP_NOFS, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (err)
+		jbd2_journal_abort(journal, err);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now disk caches for filesystem device are flushed so we are safe to
+	 * erase checkpointed transactions from the log by updating journal
+	 * superblock.
+	 */
+	if (update_tail)
+		jbd2_update_log_tail(journal, first_tid, first_block);
+
+	/* End of a transaction!  Finally, we can do checkpoint
+           processing: any buffers committed as a result of this
+           transaction can be removed from any checkpoint list it was on
+           before. */
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 6\n");
+
+	J_ASSERT(list_empty(&commit_transaction->t_inode_list));
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_buffers == NULL);
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL);
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);
+
+restart_loop:
+	/*
+	 * As there are other places (journal_unmap_buffer()) adding buffers
+	 * to this list we have to be careful and hold the j_list_lock.
+	 */
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	while (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
+		transaction_t *cp_transaction;
+		struct buffer_head *bh;
+		int try_to_free = 0;
+
+		jh = commit_transaction->t_forget;
+		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		bh = jh2bh(jh);
+		/*
+		 * Get a reference so that bh cannot be freed before we are
+		 * done with it.
+		 */
+		get_bh(bh);
+		jbd_lock_bh_state(bh);
+		J_ASSERT_JH(jh,	jh->b_transaction == commit_transaction);
+
+		/*
+		 * If there is undo-protected committed data against
+		 * this buffer, then we can remove it now.  If it is a
+		 * buffer needing such protection, the old frozen_data
+		 * field now points to a committed version of the
+		 * buffer, so rotate that field to the new committed
+		 * data.
+		 *
+		 * Otherwise, we can just throw away the frozen data now.
+		 *
+		 * We also know that the frozen data has already fired
+		 * its triggers if they exist, so we can clear that too.
+		 */
+		if (jh->b_committed_data) {
+			jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
+			jh->b_committed_data = NULL;
+			if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
+				jh->b_committed_data = jh->b_frozen_data;
+				jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
+				jh->b_frozen_triggers = NULL;
+			}
+		} else if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
+			jbd2_free(jh->b_frozen_data, bh->b_size);
+			jh->b_frozen_data = NULL;
+			jh->b_frozen_triggers = NULL;
+		}
+
+		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		cp_transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
+		if (cp_transaction) {
+			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "remove from old cp transaction");
+			cp_transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_dropped++;
+			__jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh);
+		}
+
+		/* Only re-checkpoint the buffer_head if it is marked
+		 * dirty.  If the buffer was added to the BJ_Forget list
+		 * by jbd2_journal_forget, it may no longer be dirty and
+		 * there's no point in keeping a checkpoint record for
+		 * it. */
+
+		/*
+		* A buffer which has been freed while still being journaled by
+		* a previous transaction.
+		*/
+		if (buffer_freed(bh)) {
+			/*
+			 * If the running transaction is the one containing
+			 * "add to orphan" operation (b_next_transaction !=
+			 * NULL), we have to wait for that transaction to
+			 * commit before we can really get rid of the buffer.
+			 * So just clear b_modified to not confuse transaction
+			 * credit accounting and refile the buffer to
+			 * BJ_Forget of the running transaction. If the just
+			 * committed transaction contains "add to orphan"
+			 * operation, we can completely invalidate the buffer
+			 * now. We are rather through in that since the
+			 * buffer may be still accessible when blocksize <
+			 * pagesize and it is attached to the last partial
+			 * page.
+			 */
+			jh->b_modified = 0;
+			if (!jh->b_next_transaction) {
+				clear_buffer_freed(bh);
+				clear_buffer_jbddirty(bh);
+				clear_buffer_mapped(bh);
+				clear_buffer_new(bh);
+				clear_buffer_req(bh);
+				bh->b_bdev = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (buffer_jbddirty(bh)) {
+			JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "add to new checkpointing trans");
+			__jbd2_journal_insert_checkpoint(jh, commit_transaction);
+			if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
+				clear_buffer_jbddirty(bh);
+		} else {
+			J_ASSERT_BH(bh, !buffer_dirty(bh));
+			/*
+			 * The buffer on BJ_Forget list and not jbddirty means
+			 * it has been freed by this transaction and hence it
+			 * could not have been reallocated until this
+			 * transaction has committed. *BUT* it could be
+			 * reallocated once we have written all the data to
+			 * disk and before we process the buffer on BJ_Forget
+			 * list.
+			 */
+			if (!jh->b_next_transaction)
+				try_to_free = 1;
+		}
+		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "refile or unfile buffer");
+		__jbd2_journal_refile_buffer(jh);
+		jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh);
+		if (try_to_free)
+			release_buffer_page(bh);	/* Drops bh reference */
+		else
+			__brelse(bh);
+		cond_resched_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	/*
+	 * This is a bit sleazy.  We use j_list_lock to protect transition
+	 * of a transaction into T_FINISHED state and calling
+	 * __jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(). Otherwise we could race with
+	 * other checkpointing code processing the transaction...
+	 */
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	/*
+	 * Now recheck if some buffers did not get attached to the transaction
+	 * while the lock was dropped...
+	 */
+	if (commit_transaction->t_forget) {
+		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+		goto restart_loop;
+	}
+
+	/* Add the transaction to the checkpoint list
+	 * __journal_remove_checkpoint() can not destroy transaction
+	 * under us because it is not marked as T_FINISHED yet */
+	if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == NULL) {
+		journal->j_checkpoint_transactions = commit_transaction;
+		commit_transaction->t_cpnext = commit_transaction;
+		commit_transaction->t_cpprev = commit_transaction;
+	} else {
+		commit_transaction->t_cpnext =
+			journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
+		commit_transaction->t_cpprev =
+			commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev;
+		commit_transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev =
+			commit_transaction;
+		commit_transaction->t_cpprev->t_cpnext =
+				commit_transaction;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+
+	/* Done with this transaction! */
+
+	jbd_debug(3, "JBD2: commit phase 7\n");
+
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction->t_state == T_COMMIT_JFLUSH);
+
+	commit_transaction->t_start = jiffies;
+	stats.run.rs_logging = jbd2_time_diff(stats.run.rs_logging,
+					      commit_transaction->t_start);
+
+	/*
+	 * File the transaction statistics
+	 */
+	stats.ts_tid = commit_transaction->t_tid;
+	stats.run.rs_handle_count =
+		atomic_read(&commit_transaction->t_handle_count);
+	trace_jbd2_run_stats(journal->j_fs_dev->bd_dev,
+			     commit_transaction->t_tid, &stats.run);
+	stats.ts_requested = (commit_transaction->t_requested) ? 1 : 0;
+
+	commit_transaction->t_state = T_COMMIT_CALLBACK;
+	J_ASSERT(commit_transaction == journal->j_committing_transaction);
+	journal->j_commit_sequence = commit_transaction->t_tid;
+	journal->j_committing_transaction = NULL;
+	commit_time = ktime_to_ns(ktime_sub(ktime_get(), start_time));
+
+	/*
+	 * weight the commit time higher than the average time so we don't
+	 * react too strongly to vast changes in the commit time
+	 */
+	if (likely(journal->j_average_commit_time))
+		journal->j_average_commit_time = (commit_time +
+				journal->j_average_commit_time*3) / 4;
+	else
+		journal->j_average_commit_time = commit_time;
+
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+
+	if (journal->j_commit_callback)
+		journal->j_commit_callback(journal, commit_transaction);
+
+	trace_jbd2_end_commit(journal, commit_transaction);
+	jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: commit %d complete, head %d\n",
+		  journal->j_commit_sequence, journal->j_tail_sequence);
+
+	write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	commit_transaction->t_state = T_FINISHED;
+	/* Check if the transaction can be dropped now that we are finished */
+	if (commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL &&
+	    commit_transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list == NULL) {
+		__jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(journal, commit_transaction);
+		jbd2_journal_free_transaction(commit_transaction);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
+	write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
+	wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * Calculate overall stats
+	 */
+	spin_lock(&journal->j_history_lock);
+	journal->j_stats.ts_tid++;
+	journal->j_stats.ts_requested += stats.ts_requested;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_wait += stats.run.rs_wait;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_request_delay += stats.run.rs_request_delay;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_running += stats.run.rs_running;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_locked += stats.run.rs_locked;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_flushing += stats.run.rs_flushing;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_logging += stats.run.rs_logging;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_handle_count += stats.run.rs_handle_count;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_blocks += stats.run.rs_blocks;
+	journal->j_stats.run.rs_blocks_logged += stats.run.rs_blocks_logged;
+	spin_unlock(&journal->j_history_lock);
+}